Youth Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Youth Violence - Essay Example These wrongdoing exercises can be stayed away from with the assistance of strongly perceiving the way that in the event that they are seen completely and halted carefully in any case, at that point there are lesser possibility of such violations. Unfortunately, very little examination is accomplished for the expert of youthful brutality. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (OJJDP's) Study Group on Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders took in settlement around 22 specialists who inquired about for a long time to sum up the present danger of these youngsters to diminish the odds of engaging in crimes. It has been acknowledged by the drawn out examinations that the indicators of youth hostility that help in chopping down the level of savagery with the children. It delineates the force just as the time furthest reaches of the variables with respect to security in the kindness of the kids when it is to its pinnacle. Shirking and association are the two main considerations of the indicators. The viciousness won't ascend to its pinnacle on the off chance that we keep the securing activity and ensuring factors in our brain. The fight that has been continuing with respect to globalization incorporates the focuses which are required to control the worldwide monetary framework so the individuals will get the favorable circumstances and the issues that they have been confronting will be settled. There are two or three ones who are pressurizing on getting out the barricade to universal venture so the capital will owe all the more ably and give the supporters an assortment of decisions to go with (http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2006.00403.x). Theoretical: Research of worldwide youth equity, discipline and control are before all else arranges yet the instances of globalization, trans nationalization, approach move and localisation are consistently being spoken about. This report discusses how transoceanic approach move is associated with youth equity. Despite the fact that the subject of youth equity isn't extremely cutting-edge or grew, however consistently it is getting consideration. From a hypothetical perspective it is enlivened by evaluations of how far individual country states can hold tight to their own power even with monetary and political globalization. Looking at the adolescents of English and contrasting them and the ones in European nations, the inquiry is raised subsequent to seeing youths in the slammer that for what reason are there such a large number of kids under eighteen are secured up jail in UK and Wales, yet then again, the European nations have a wonderful life. This report takes in a wide outline of progressi ons in youth equity for the most part in western societies and gives a shot to unravel how powers of repenalisation and defilement went up against by the clearly restricting powers of government assistance protectionism, rebuilding, and rights. There is a broad speculation that the quantity of youngsters who should be rebuffed is expanding step by step in the entire world. With the assistance of a few stages of contaminated, it very well may be assumed that these days youngsters are not getting affection and care which they ought to get, they are not getting insurance nor do they need any of these things rather they are more in want of punishment because of which they will experience the ill effects of their very own inappropriate activities. Because of this, the youngsters' privileges are being diminished. One noted factor is the effect of the UN Convention in the year 1989 on the Rights of the Child, which underscores the hugeness of including appropriate

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example For Students

Adolescent Pregnancy Essay By: Stephanie The Truth About Teen Pregnancy Although the pace of Teenage Pregnancy Essay in the United States has declined incredibly inside the previous barely any years, it is as yet a huge issue that should be tended to. These rates are as yet higher during the 1990s than they were just 10 years prior. The United States high school birthrate surpasses that of most other industrialized countries, despite the fact that American young people are no more explicitly dynamic than adolescents are in Canada or Europe. (Gormly 348) Recent insights concerning the youngster birthrates are disturbing. Around 560,000 adolescent young ladies conceive an offspring every year. Sex instruction courses, supported to forestall high schooler pregnancy yet reproved as energized sexual intrigue, seem to have next to zero impact on teenagers sexual action. Such courses likewise have no recognizable impact on preventative use and pregnancy rates among young people. It was discovered that while understudies do find out about sex and contraception, they don't seem to change their conduct. ; (Okie, 1996) The courses that are offered in schools have demonstrated not to have any effect on the high school pregnancy rates. The explanation behind this might be that the courses are simply not being educated viably or are focusing on an inappropriate age gathering: Two significant objectives of the school sex training programs are to lessen the frequency of baseless pregnancy just as the paces of AIDS and other explicitly transmitted infections. Be that as it may, to be successful, programs must start early. In the event that we hold up until an age when most young people are explicitly dynamic, we may need to battle a procured personal conduct standard of ineffectual STD/pregnancy avoidance conduct. A few insights found that in the 1984 study of school administrators found that kids don't all appear to realize what we anticipate that them should know. It was discovered that half of schools offered a family life training program. Though 87% of urban areas had a program, just 25% of provincial locale had a program. Canadian younger students ages 9, 12 and 15 demonstrated a significant absence of sexual instruction. Just 35% of evaluation 7 understudies realized that is was feasible for a young lady to get pregnant between the ages of 12 and 15. Most idea pregnancy couldn't happen until after age 16.; (Herold, 1997) Through numerous investigations it has been demonstrated that sex training in schools has practically zero observable impact on the teenager pregnancy rate. The end has been made that the pace of high school pregnancy is rising, yet there is not a single answer for be found. Many idea engaging in sexual relations instruction in the schools would lessen the rate however measurements have proposed that they won't. There have been recommendations of different methods of decreasing the high rates. Sexual directing and access to avoidance; (Beard, 1992) could be attempted. In the mid-1970s the Ontario government began to give all inclusive access to openly supported family arranging and sex training.; (Beard, 1992) If these were utilized in mix with school sexuality instruction it has been anticipated that a decline in the pregnancy rate would happen. Changes in the social atmosphere, (MacDonald, 1996), which youngsters have been presented to have been connected with increasing youthful pregnancy rates. These powers must be comprehended in the event that we are to stay away from to evident traps, draw effectively on our conventional social and social qualities, what's more, plan viable models of avoidance. .

Splitting in Borderline Personality Disorder

Splitting in Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Print Splitting and Borderline Personality Disorder A defense mechanism where everything is black or white By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on July 28, 2019 More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Examples of Splitting Features Diagnosis Care and Coping Emergencies View All Back To Top Splitting is a term used in psychiatry to describe the inability to hold opposing thoughts, feelings, or beliefs. Some might say that a person who splits sees the world in terms of black or white, all or nothing. Its a distorted way of thinking in which the positive or negative attributes of a person or event are neither weighed nor cohesive. Verywell / Hugo Lin   Splitting and Borderline Personality Disorder Splitting is considered a defense mechanism by which people with borderline personality disorder (BPD)  can view people, events, or even themselves in all or nothing terms.?? Splitting allows them to readily discard things they have assigned as bad and to embrace things they consider good, even if those things are harmful or risky. Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder Examples of Splitting Splitting can interfere with relationships and lead to intense and self-destructive behaviors. A person who splits will typically frame people or events in terms that are absolute with no middle ground for discussion?? . Examples include: Things are either always or neverPeople can either be evil and crooked or angels and perfectOpportunities can either have no risk or be a complete conScience, history, or news is either a complete fact or a complete lieWhen things go wrong, a person will feel cheated, ruined, or screwed What makes splitting all the more confusing is that the belief can sometimes be iron-clad or shift back-and-forth from one moment to the next. People who split are often seen to be overly dramatic or overwrought, especially when declaring that things have either completely fallen apart or completely turned around. Such behavior can be exhausting to those around them. Accompanying Features   By itself, splitting may seem almost commonplace, a behavior easily attributed to any number of individuals we know and maybe even ourselves. However, splitting in BPD is considered a consistent and distorted behavior usually accompanied by other symptoms?? , such as: Acting out (acting without consideration to consequences)Passive aggression (an indirect expression of hostility)Denial (consciously ignoring a fact or reality)Projection (assigning an undesirable emotion to someone else)Omnipotence (the belief that you possess superiority in intelligence or power)Emotional hypochondriasis (trying to get others to understand how severe your emotional pain is)Projective identification (denying your own feelings, projecting them onto someone else, and then behaving toward that person in a way that forces them to respond to you  with the feelings you projected onto them) How BPD Is Diagnosed A BPD diagnosis can only be made by a qualified mental health specialist. To make the diagnosis, the doctor would need to confirm five of nine symptoms outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), including:?? Intense and stormy relationships that involve splittingFeeling persistently empty or boredA warped view of yourself that affects your emotions, values, moods, and relationshipsImpulsive behavior, such as abusing substances or driving recklesslyAnger issues, such as violent outbursts followed by extreme guilt and remorseExtreme attempts to avoid abandonment or extreme feelings of abandonmentSuicidal thoughts and/or self-harming behaviorsExtreme depression, anxiety, or irritability that can persist for hours and daysFeeling dissociated from yourself, including paranoia and amnesia Caring for a Loved One With BPD There is no easy answer on how to deal with a loved one who has BPD, especially when symptoms are extreme. How you cope depends largely on the nature of your relationship and the impact your loved ones symptoms are having on your family. However, there are some guiding principles that may help, including:?? Cultivate empathy. Start by reminding yourself that splitting is part of the disorder. While certain actions may seem intentional and manipulative, your loved one is not doing any of this to gain satisfaction. These are simply defense mechanisms he or she turns to whenever he or she feels defenseless.Try to manage your response. If your loved one has BPD, keep in mind that you are in the better position to control your temper. Yelling or engaging in hostility will only serve to make the situation even worse.Remind your loved one that you care. People with BPD are often terrified of being rejected or abandoned. Knowing that someone cares often helps reduce the splitting behavior.Maintain lines of communication. Discussing a situation when it happens allows you to isolate that event rather than piling one situation on top of the next. Failure to communicate only serves to fuel your loved ones rejection anxiety.Set boundaries. Dealing with the challenges of BPD is one thing; becoming th e object of abuse is another. Always set limits with a loved one who has BPD. If that line is ever crossed, explain why you are backing away and try to do so dispassionately. Setting boundaries helps preserve the relationship rather than challenging it.Encourage and support treatment.  Your loved one can live a better life with treatment, which may include medication and/or talk therapy, most likely dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Encourage him or her to start or continue with treatment and learn everything you can about what he or she is going through. If needed, participate in therapy with your loved one.Take care of yourself. This may include finding your own therapist to help you balance your needs along with those of your loved one. When BPD Harms Your Well-Being There may be times where you will need to take more drastic action. In the event that the relationship is harming your family, your work, and your sense of well-being, you may be faced with the reality that the relationship cannot continue.?? While this is an incredibly painful choice for everyone involved, it can also be the most healthy in some cases. If needed, this decision should be made with the help of a qualified mental health professional.

Analysis Of John Proctor s The Crucible - 899 Words

What is the protagonist s (main character s) main objective? John Proctor is a man living in distress after cheating on his wife Elizabeth with a former servant Abigail. He believes that him committing adultery is a sin big enough to damage his character, Elizabeth becoming less trusting of him and publicly exposing his infidelity would only add insult to injury. As the play progresses however, John Proctor capitulates, acknowledging his affair thinking it would clear his and his wife’s name from being involved in practicing witchcraft rituals. However, the judges prefer Abigail’s scheme over John’s story, which puts him in a stickier situation. Left with no choice, John sacrifices his name to protect Elizabeth. Through this, John made peace with Elizabeth’s mistrust. John is then given a chance to be exonerated, but he refuses to tarnish himself by admitting a fault he did not commit. He believes living a lie is not just. By these sacrifices he made, he finally redeems himself of his dignity. What happens during the climax of the play? How does it resolve? The Climax of the play is when John Proctor confesses to the courtroom in public that he has committed adultery with Abigail Williams when she was a servant to his household. The judges would not buy his acknowledgment, and continued to be beguiled by Abigail’s make-believe charade. What is (are) the setting(s) of the play? What effect do these have on the plot? The Crucible is a fictionalized version of the 1692Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Proctor s The Crucible 1223 Words   |  5 PagesFORGET In common vernacular, a crucible is used to heat substances in order to become more pure or perfect; however, when a town with strict theology and no tolerance is subject to the grueling torture of innocent lives dying for a false cause, the result is anything but perfect. Though John Proctor does find some relief in his redemption at the end, by no means does the drama have a happy ending. Though it is somewhat plausible to define Arthur Miller’s drama, The Crucible, as a comedy, there is overwhelmingRead MoreAnalysis Of John Proctor s The Crucible 1344 Words   |  6 PagesAn Examination of John Proctor In 1692, Salem Massachusetts was overridden with mass hysteria. Allegations of witchery were widespread and people were killed for crimes they never committed. It seemed as if the theocracy no longer upheld the principles of Heaven, but rather submitted to the wild impulses of the New England mobs. Arthur Miller delivers a heart-wrenching account of these trials in his play The Crucible. Amidst the struggle is Miller’s protagonist, John Proctor, a well-respectedRead MoreAnalysis Of John Proctor s The Crucibles 1212 Words   |  5 PagesCeline Christiansen Mrs. Evans English III H November 23, 2015 The Crucibles â€Å"I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† bellowed John Proctor to Danforth in Act IV. The Crucibles was written by Arthur Miller reminiscent of McCarthyism in the 1950s. Reputation and integrity is set forward in the story, as it causes the plot to develop and advance, and it is discernible all throughout the story, especially the end. Reputation is tremendously significant in theocratic SalemRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pageswith confessions of a meeting with the devil, continuing with declaring a reunification with Jesus, and ending with of course, accusing others of witchcraft. The false confessions favor the dishonest and are motivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions ofRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1138 Words   |  5 Pages Arthur Miller’s The Crucible takes place in a puritan 17th century Salem town, where a distinct line separates right from wrong. Puritan ideals define the individuals living in Salem, and John Proctor, the protagonist, finds himself struggling to realize and act on these ideals. Miller portrays Proctor in different lights throughout the course of the play, as Proctor often finds himself engrossed in the heat of the hysteria driven town. His character starts out lacking any heroic or admirable featuresRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the Federal Theatre, which provided work for unemployed writers, actors, direct ors, and designers. Miller s creative writing career span was over a sixty year span and during this time, Miller had written twenty-six plays. He wrote The Crucible in 1953 then later wrote the screenplay for the movie version which was produced in 1996 (CliffNotes, Authur Miller Biography). Miller s first play to make it to Broadway was in 1944. It was The Man Who Had All the Luck but it was a disheartening failureRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials869 Words   |  4 Pagesand corruption, have always reverberated throughout American history and people need constant reminders to stay vigilant and aware. As a writer, I am able to reach a large audience with this reminder and I saw my play The Crucible â€Å"as a vehicle for political commentary† (Crucible Drama Critism). I paralleled my experiences during McCarthyism with the tragedies of the Salem Witch trials to not only remind the public that history can repeat itself, but to also demonstrate my disgust with the hypocrisyRead MoreThe Crucible By John Proctor849 Words   |  4 Pages The Crucible Analysis: Is John Proctor a tragic hero based on Aristotle`s definition of a tragic hero An array of Aristotelian tragic heroes can be found throughout American literature. One of which includes John Proctor, main character farmer in mid-30s, from Arthur Miller s play, The Crucible. Yet, in order for him to obtain such a title he must possess specific characteristics. Five of which include possession of hubris, a flaw or decision leading to desire for revenge, a reversal of goodRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1606 Words   |  7 PagesOur English II class approached Arthur Miller’s The Crucible from a way unique to any previous English assignment. We decided to operate as an unified ensemble to generate a singular and complete project that demonstrated our growth as readers, writers, and thinkers. Originally we were scared at the prospect of this unorthodox assignment; as Jada put it, â€Å"[we] thought it was gonna be a hot mess† (Jant). But in the end, I believe it was correct to do it as an ensemble. We were able to work as individualRead MoreThe Crucible By John Proctor1134 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Crucible, Abigail Williams, John Proctor, and Elizabeth Proctor are arguably the most important characters. The affair between Abigail and John drives the plot of the play. Abigail begins accusing societal outcasts as witches and gradually works her way up the social ladder until she is able to accuse an upstanding citizen like Elizabeth Proctor of being a witch and having people believe the accusation. She accused Elizabeth of being a witch so that Elizabeth would be hanged. Then, Abigail

The Car Bed Made By Volkswagen Is For Van Winkle - 743 Words

The car bed made by â€Å"VW is for Van Winkle† does not constitute a conveyance because it is not self-propelled and is not listed as a motor vehicle under Fla. Stat.  §810.11 (2013). â€Å"’Conveyance’ means any motor vehicle, ship, vessel, railroad vehicle or car, trailer, aircraft, or sleeping car; and â€Å"to enter a conveyance† includes taking apart any portion of the conveyance.† Fla. Stat.  §810.11 (2013). Vehicles that are propelled only by human power are excluded from the definition of a motor vehicle. A.M. v. State, 678 So.2d 914, 915 (Fla. 1st Dist. Ct. App. 1996) (citing Fla. Stat.  § 316.003(2) (21)). The appellant was seen riding a bicycle a few hours after the bicycle was reported stolen. A.M 678 So.2d at 915. The appellant stated that he was given permission from his friend to use the bicycle. Id. The trial court found the appellant guilty of trespassing in a conveyance. Id. The appellate court held that all of the s tatutory elements of the lesser offense failed. Id. The court also held that the evidence brought about in trial court did not fulfill each element; therefore, the court did not support the conviction for trespass in a conveyance. Id. A vehicle that runs and is self-propelled but is not used to transport people is not considered a conveyance. M.J.S. v. State, 453 So.2d 870, 871 (Fla. 2nd Dist. Ct. App. 1984). The appellant was seen sitting in the operator’s seat of a construction backhoe working and moving the controls. Id. at 870. The state said

My Time in the Rainforest Free Essays

Today was very productive day. I saw many things that I have never seen before in the Amazon rainforest. It is located in South America and is hugely populated with many different species. We will write a custom essay sample on My Time in the Rainforest or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is vast, covering an area of 2,5 million square miles, and we haven’t even got one eight yet. Amazon river is one of the reasons the forest is so tremendously populated. It flows for more than 4,000 miles to discharge its waters in the Atlantic Ocean near Belem, Brazil. Along the way, about 1,100 tributaries latch on. One of the most seen birds was the Toucan. It was bigger then I thought it would be. Our guide told us that ten million species of plants, animals and insects live in the tropical forest. As it became dark, we stayed in the undergrowth of the forest where the tree could shade use from the hot sun we were expecting in the morning. The floor of the rain forest was sticky and wet from the rain that had fallen earlier this morning. It was hard to relax because of the weird weather. I could see a rainbow in the sky through the gaps between the canvas of leaves. As I got up, a spider monkey jumped down from the canopy and tried to grab the fruit we picked. We made a quick dash towards a giant tree trunk that had fallen. Thousands of small insects scattered as we approached it. We made a fireplace here to cook the raw meat we had brought. We fetched water from the Amazon river which was flowing near to camp and put in tablets to clean it. As we filled our bottles, piranhas swam towards our hands in the water. The Amazon river was a very dangerous place. –Day 2 24.09.10 We woke up at dawn when most of the animals would be sleeping. We saw an anaconda slither by. It was 21 feet long and I saw it choke a Giant Anteater. We were far away and the snake didn’t spot us. A pack of squirrel monkeys passed us and we carried on through. It was getting cooler and there were less animals wandering about. More deadly animals started to appear, such as the poison dart frog. Our guide told us it is very small in size, but poisonous enough as to kill up to 100 people. It has the most powerful poison known by man, but harmless if left alone. Amazon Indians hunt using its poison in the tip of their arrows. –Day 3 25.09.10 We were heading towards Manaus, the weather in tropical areas have equatorial climate, found approximately 5 degrees to the North and South of the equator. Like any other tropical rainforest, it’s hot and humid throughout the year, with an average annual temperature of 27à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C How to cite My Time in the Rainforest, Essays

The Civil War Changing Roles of African Americans and Women Essay Example

The Civil War: Changing Roles of African Americans and Women Essay Lopez, Robert Gillis-Smith, Beth English M01A The Civil War: Changing Roles Of African Americans And Women There were several events that lead to the American Civil War. The Northern states wanted African Americans to be free from slavery, while the Southern states wanted to continue owning them. The Northern states didn’t need slaves for their economy to thrive, as opposed to the Southern states, where their economy relied heavily on the slave’s free labor. Both sides also argued on whether or not the newly acquired states should be free states or slave states, but since the North’s population growth exceeded the South’s, they had more power in the government. The Northern sates had most of the electoral votes and that allowed them to decide who would win the election of 1860. The election of 1860, the year Abraham Lincoln was elected president of America. Abraham Lincoln strongly supported abolition. His views went against the Southerner’s beliefs. Once he was elected into office, the Southern states drew the line. A month after he won the election, the Southern states started seceding. That was the final step towards starting the war. There were now two sides, the Northern Union states, and the Southern Confederate states. April 12, 1861, the Confederate army attacked fort Sumter, marking the beginning of the American Civil War. The American Civil War changed the lives of many. After the war nothing could go back to being the same. The group of people who felt the changes most were African Americans and women. Their roles in American society changed during the war and after. We will write a custom essay sample on The Civil War: Changing Roles of African Americans and Women specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Civil War: Changing Roles of African Americans and Women specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Civil War: Changing Roles of African Americans and Women specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The idea of women being fragile, weak, and dependent of a husband had vanished. Women took up their husband’s responsibilities and helped the wounded men that were at war. Some women went to the extreme and disguised themselves as men and actually fought in the war. They were viewed with a new sense of respect. Women proved that they could be strong and independent, that they could do anything a man could do. As for the African American community, they waited, anxiously, to see what the outcome might be. Some Slaves from the south ran away to the North in hope to be freed from their masters. Others joined the union army, and according to the web article, Slave Resistance during the Civil War (sidebar), they made up 15% of the Union Army by the end of the war. This war determined whether they were to be set free, or continue to be slaves. From here on out things started changing. Lincoln started calling in troops to fight against the Confederates. Many men left their homes to join the war, leaving their wives at home. The wives were now in charge of not only taking care of the house and kids, they were also responsible for bringing an income to support the family. Some women were also left in charge of their husbands family business, like 30-year-old Southern women, Elizabeth Thorn. She was a mother of three and became pregnant in 1863. During the war, Elizabeth took care of her home, raised her children, and took over her husbands work in running the family business, the town cemetery. She even took the time to feed and shelter generals and troops whenever they needed it. Unfortunately for her, she was forced to evacuate her home when the war was getting to close to her home. Elizabeth returned later on only to find that the Union soldiers had ransacked her home (Wayne). After working so hard to keep her family’s future, she lost everything in a matter of days. This situation was common among the Southern women. Since most of the war was fought in the South, some women lost everything they had once the Union soldiers came in and took over. Women started breaking from the traditional attitudes that women were limited to housework and raising children. Since many men were fighting the war, they needed nurses to attend them. Over three thousand American women were paid nurses. There were thousand more that volunteered (Wayne). Mary Elizabeth Massey wrote in her book, Women In The Civil War, that â€Å"although conditioned in contrasting environments and schooled in opposing philosophies, women stepped forward as defenders of their respective causes. She goes on and writes, Emotions, energies, and talents that even they did not realize they possessed were unleashed. She writes about how women proved themselves to more then just housewives. Before the war, few women were nurses. Being a nurse was a man’s job, but now that most men got called out to the war they were in need of nurses. Since women had the time to help, several volunteered themselves. Many men thought the job wouldn’t be appropriate for them. They didn’t want their delicate women to be subjected to the horrors of war, but as time went on they realized how strong they were, mentally and physically. Although a large amount of them were untrained to be nurses, they did an excellent job attending the soldiers. Some women demonstrated their leadership skills, like Dorothea Dix who stepped forward and became the Union Superintendent of Nurses. She recruited volunteer nurses that were over the age of 30 and were â€Å"plain looking women†. She recruited these women because she didn’t want people to think that the women were there for the men’s sexual desires. Since there had already been a big controversy were women were being called prostitutes for being nurses (Wayne). Other women took their housekeeping skills to the soldiers’ camps, cooking and doing their laundry. A few women worked as spies for their side. In the Union, the most effective spy they had was Elizabeth Van Lew. According to the article, Women In The Civil War, she helped Federal prisoners escape from Richmond and was also able to obtain information for Ulysses S. Grant that helped him capture the Confederate’s capital. Elizabeth Van Lew did not perform this courageous act alone, she had her former slave, Mary Elizabeth Bowser, help her. Lew sent her to school before the war had started. Once the war started, she sent Bowser to become the slave of the president of the Confederate States, Jefferson Davis. Bowser pretended she could not read, then stole confidential memos when Davis wasn’t looking. She sometimes eavesdropped on his conversations when she was serving his dinner. The Union wasn’t the only side that had spies, the article continues and talks about the spies that the Confederate States had. Among them was Rose ONeal Greenhow, she was able to send secret messages to the confederate soldiers, turning the First Battle of Bull Run (First Battle of Manassas) into a confederate victory. At first, Abraham Lincoln was against using African Americans in the Union Army. He told generals that it would make the Southerners angry. Lincoln said that if they were to arm African Americans it would make the southerners think that the war was about freeing the slaves and that would anger them. It would alienate Border States such as Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware, which were allowed slaves while still being part of the Union (Kauffman). Despite the official policy that denied African Americans the right to join the army, some generals were still recruiting. They realized that the army they had (which was made up entire of white men) wasn’t going to win the war. Soldiers were getting killed faster then they could get replaced and they needed all the help they could get. Lincoln still didn’t agree with what the generals were doing, but he allowed it to happen. During the war many African Americans started running away from the South hoping to escape slavery. The African Americans in the North, that had never been anyone’s slave, were now at risk of being accused as a run-away slave and getting sent â€Å"back† to the South. Once Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans were now allowed to join the union army. Once word spread out to South about this, many African Americans from the South ran away to the North to join the army to fight for their freedom. According to the web article History of African Americans in the Civil War â€Å"Approximately 180,000 African Americans comprising 163 units served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and many more African Americans served in the Union Navy. Both free African-Americans and runaway slaves joined the fight. Now this showed people that the Africans Americans were willing to fight in the war, but quite a few people thought that they didn’t have the heart to fight in this war, but in October 1862 the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer soldiers were able to fight off the Confederate Soldier in the battle of Island Mound, Missouri, silencing their critics (Kauffman). As General Hunter writes â€Å"They are sober, docile, a ttentive, and enthusiastic, displaying great natural capacities for acquiring the duties of a soldier. They are eager beyond all things to take the field and be led into action; and it is the unanimous opinion†¦ that in the peculiarities of this climate and country, they will prove invaluable auxiliaries, fully equal to the similar regiments so long and successfully used by the British authorities in the West Indies. † People were in shock to see that African Americans were able to fight. They proved themselves to be, somewhat, equal to the other soldiers. After the won was won, the lives of the African Americans and women did not go back to how it was, it would never be the same. Some women liked their newly acquired sense of independence and continued supporting her family by themselves. African Americans were now free and equal in the eyes of the government, but not in the eyes of many white men. Now the African Americans had created a new image for themselves. They weren’t just a group of uneducated slaves. They were soldiers capable of fighting of armies just as any other white soldiers could. Women in the South had it harder then women in the North. Some women lost their husband in the war and were now left to support the family, and to make matters worse, Confederate currency was now worthless. On a lighter note, women had now broken away from their old image. They were now on the same level as the men. Working by their side as equals in hospitals, offices, factories, and political organizations. The article, Women In The Civil War, explains that after the war, women also started getting more informed on issues that had impacts on them. They also began to speak up about military and political topics, showing everyone that they were literate and â€Å"had the capacity to form well-reasoned opinions. Other women felt empowered and worked for a higher education. Now for the African Americans, now free and equal to everyone else according to the law, still had it hard. Four million African Americans were now free. Many of them lived in the South, which made it harder for them to survive on their own. Some had to back into serving their old master as an indentured servant. Black Codes were established, severely limiting the rights of freed slaves (Allard). The American Civil Wa r changed the images of women and African Americans. Both broke away from their old images, and both tried to establish their new image. Women proved that they could be independent and do anything a man could do and with the same results. The jobs that weren’t available to them before were now open to them. The Civil War gave women that extra push they needed to move them away from the ideals that confined women to stay at home. For African Americans, the biggest and most obvious change for them was that they were now free and equal to everyone, even though they weren’t treated that way.