Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Italian Future Indicative Tense

The future shows a simple fact that has yet to occur or come to fruition: Arriverà ² domani.Terminerà ² il lavoro entro una settimana. The future can take value imperative: Farete esattamente come vi ho detto.Imparerai questa poesia a memoria. BRANDIRE GUSTARE RIDURRE VINIFICARE io brandir guster ridurr vinificer tu brandirai gusterai ridurrai vinificerai lui, lei, Lei brandir guster ridurr vinificer noi brandiremo gusteremo ridurremo vinificeremo voi brandirete gusterete ridurrete vinificerete loro, Loro brandiranno gusteranno ridurranno vinificeranno CONJUGATING ITALIAN VERBS IN THE PRETERITE PERFECT INDICATIVE TENSE Word formation in Italian is the linguistic process (think vocabulary building) in which terms can be transformed from base words to suffissati (suffixed words)—orologio  Ã‚ »Ã‚  orologiaio, prefissati (prefixed words)—campionato  Ã‚ »Ã‚  precampionato, and composti (compounds)—fermare carte  Ã‚ »Ã‚  fermacarte. The formation of words enriches the Italian language from within. In fact, it produces new vocabulary—as in orologiaio (watchmaker), precampionato (preseason), fermacarte (paperweight)—starting with vocabulary that already exists—in this case, orologio (watch), campionato (season), fermare (to hold, detain, secure), and carte (paper). The suffisso (suffix) is the particle that appears at the end of the suffixed, for example -aio in orologiaio. The prefisso (prefix) is instead the particle that appears at the beginning of the prefixed, for example pre- in precampionato. Together, the suffixes and prefixes are known as affixes; the suffix -aio in orologiaio and the prefix pre- in precampionato are, therefore, two affixes. Composti (compounds) are formed by the merger into a single word of at least two words; this is the case of fermare and carte in the compound word fermacarte. All Italian speakers can construct, starting from certain basi (bases) and making the necessary modifications, a whole series of new words (the technical term is defined as neoformazione—a compound or derivative recently introduced to the language). So, for example, orologiaio, precampionato, and fermacarte are new words derived from orologio, campionato, fermare, and carte. To go from the base to the new term there are certain rules of transformation. Word Formation Is Not Simple AdditionThe formation of words does not consist in the mere addition of elements: base suffix suffixed; prefix base prefixed; word word compound word. This, in fact, it is only the appearance of the phenomenon. The formation of words instead assumes that the speaker has is fully aware of the meaning of the relationship linking the new word to its base. For example, everyone (or at least native Italian speakers) will recognize in words such as scaffalature and librone a connection to scaffale and libro, but nobody will think that struttura and mattone are linked to strutto and matto. Only in the first case can an equivalence be formulated: insieme di scaffali has the same meaning as scaffalatura (shelf unit)grosso libro has the same meaning as librone (big book, tome) While in the second case: insieme di strutto (lard as a whole) has a different meaning than struttura (structure)grosso matto (big madman) has a different meaning than mattone (brick) As shown, the formation of words in Italian cannot be explained only by taking into consideration the formal relationship that links a base with an affix (-ura, -one, and others); it is also necessary to consider the relationship between the meanings. The formation of words can be divided into three categories: suffissazione (suffixation), prefissazione (prefixation), and composizione (composition).

Monday, December 23, 2019

Essay On Stem Cells - 1148 Words

So basically I’m gonna summarize an article and it’s about the genetic profiling of putative breast cancer stem cells from pleural effusions. The authors of this article used this opportunity and found out that pleural effusions were great opportunities to be able to study metastasis and for isolating stem cells. The doctors basically isolated the cancer stem cells(csc) and the non cancer stem cells(non-csc) and were able to derive how fast these stem cells were able to form. At the moment breast cancer is the leading cause cancer related deaths in females. This mortality rate seems to stay around the same due to something called cancer metastasis(the growth of another cancerous tumor away from the primary tumor. And for this reason they†¦show more content†¦So scientists basically separate all the cells from a clump and let them float in some liquid. After a while the fast developing cancer cells will begin to duplicate at a fast rate while normal cells would do that at a slower rate. Scientists later then sorted out the CSCs (cancer stem cells) and tested them for ALDH1. But most of these tests came back with some negative results as they had been detected in some pleural cells but only had a median detection of 2.7%. So they then used a CD44+CD24 detection sample and they were able to evaluate 13 out of 18 pleural effusions (72%). (Defining CD24- a heat stable antigen found on the surface of a cell CD44- hyaluronic acid receptor) These tests were done until sample 13 because after sample 13 they added optimization steps which included having the samples filtered through a wide mash and then filtered through another filtration strainer after the lysis step. These received better results with the unsorted cells instead of the sorted cells which made mammospheres. Defining what the tables and pictures say. On page 6 there is a table with 25 examples of tested pleural cells it also shows their ages and they’re somewhere between 91 and 49. next column shows Her2(human epidermal growth-factor receptor 2) and that is a a protein and can be found inside cancer and normal cells. If found this protein can help determine which kind of treatment is best for the patientShow MoreRelatedStem Cells Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas provided us with a hope for these diseases. This essay will address the issue of controversial research in stem cells. This technology offers hope to millions who are victims of a multitude of diseases and disorders. It can be used to regrow limbs, create organs, attack genetic diseases, treat malfunctioning bladders, etc. However, this same technology is also one of the most controversial debates in science today. If you type â€Å"stem cells research† into your Google search bar, you will most likelyRead More S tem Cell Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. Research in the use of stem cells holds limitless possibilities in the medical field. Stem cells are the cells in our bodies that are in their primitive form. These cells have not yet become the type of cell they are destined to be, whether it be nervous tissue or another. However, even though stem cell research is a great new field, its progress is being limited by moral concerns and ethical questions. In order to let medicine reach its full potential, stem cell research should be legalizedRead MoreStem Cells Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells are used every day throughout the United States to help cure diseases and save lives. Stem cells can also be used to study labor defects so that future birth deficiencies can be prevented or reversed. Although as a college student starting a family may not be on your mind yet, it is always beneficial to educate yourself on current trends and new discoveries in stem cell research. Andres Travino and his wife were excited when their son Andy was born ten years ago. Andy prayed and hopedRead MoreStem Cell Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesTOTAL WORD COUNT: 1201 Title: Effects between Lhx2 transcription factors and Lgr5 stem cells in hair regeneration after a wound in mice Introduction: As mammals, humans are supplied with hair to: provide warmth from the ambiguous climate, serve as protection from the sun’s ultra-violet radiations, and sense crucial, dangerous movements. Without a doubt, hair is a an overlooked vital aspect of daily life. At birth, hair follicles are developed and undergo a total of three phases: anagen, catagenRead MoreStem Cell Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells and their use in Cardiac Regeneration Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Ischemic heart disease, where the oxygen supply to the myocardium is restricted, is a common cause of an MI. Myocardial injury results in loss of cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells) due to apoptosis, and the development of necrotic myocardium, eventually leading to heart failure. The formation of the necrotic myocardium causesRead MoreStem Cell Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagestreated with the use of embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of human embryo. In simpler terms, these cells have the ability of developing into any of the two hundred different cell types in our bodies. Unlike most of the cells in our bodies, such as heart cells or skin cells, which conduct a specific function, a stem cell does not have a specific function until it is specialized (Hogan). A stem cell that is becoming specialized willRead More Stem Cells Es say1128 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells â€Å"Embryonic stem cells...are in effect, a human self-repair kit,† (Christopher Reeve, activist – Larry King show). For the advancement of science, stem cells are infinitely valuable, especially when considering all the potential applications in the field of medicine. Stem cell usage is a very controversial topic, because most people think of abortions, cloning, and other negative topics when they hear the term stem cell. However I think those thoughts are because they don’tRead MoreStem Cells Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesMesenchymal stem cells go on to develop into: connective tissue, like adipocytes, stromal cells or tenocytes; muscle tissues, from myoblasts into skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle types; cartilage, which is created when an osteochondral progenitor cell develops into a chondroblast then a chondrocyte; or bone tissue, which is also developed from an osteochondral progenitor cell, into an osteoblast, then an osteocyte. Hematopoietic stem cells are what create all the different components of bloodRead More Stem Cells Essay4600 Words   |  19 Pages Stem cells are a large focus of study in today’s biomedical world. They are cells that exist in an undifferentiated state, and transform into differing tissue types depending on what the cells surrounding them are. The different types of stem cells have the ability to repair many classes of damaged human tissue. However, only one type of stem cell promises to regenerate virtually any class of tissue. This is the highly controversial embryonic stem cell (ESC). Unfortunately, there is a dark sideRead MoreStem Cell Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesinsights of stem cells and having the capacity to apply their new learning to either look into potential medications or really convey powerful medicines to people. In 2001, Bush issued an official request that put huge limitations on government financing for undeveloped cell look into; and in 2009, Obama ca nceled this request with his very own request called Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research involving Human Stem Cells. It merits bringing up that even grown-up undeveloped cell explore

Sunday, December 15, 2019

The Call of “Bartleby the Scrivener” and “Young Goodman Brown” Free Essays

Authors truly have endless opportunities as far as creating effects is concerned. They can create effects by what they say and they also can create effects by what they do not say, or what their characters do not do. In 19th century American literature, we see the use of the latter tool in â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, where authors do not give the full information about their characters and events to create the desired effects. We will write a custom essay sample on The Call of â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†, the enigmatic title character â€Å"prefers not to† do things. On the other hand, in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, the lead character appears to be affected by his own inability to discern the truth and thus becomes a character that fails to trust anything or anyone in life. In this short story Hawthorne does not confirm us whether Goodman Brown’s experience at all happened or it was just a dream; but this holding back of information creates the desired effect that I will explore shortly. Our main focus today is perhaps not only to examine the tools authors use but to investigate how Bartleby and Goodman Brown, two characters that have the 19th century Dark Romanticism paint in them ultimately urges the dawn of idealism or transcendentalism, a popular genre of the 19th century American literature. It is in human nature to try to solve the mysteries it faces or the questions that are put forward to it. Sometimes authors provide solutions for the problems they portray and often they simply leave hints and invite the readers to find the answers themselves.Both â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† are stories that invite the readers to go searching for answers. Though there are certain differences between Bartleby and Goodman Brown in terms of their ability, they both show a dearth of knowledge in terms of what they should really do. Compared to Bartleby, Goodman Brown simply looks at a loss about what he ought to do. Bartleby is a ch aracter who stresses that he would rather do nothing than do just anything for the sake of doing it. He asks the society to question its own actions.Bartleby emphasizes heavily on discerning what we really ought to do rather than just going with the flow and do things that do not really represent us. Though Bartleby does not evolve to the point that he discovered what he would have really preferred to do, he at least found out what he did not prefer to do – and that in itself is a bold stance. On the other hand, Goodman Brown is a character who does not show any regency. He seems so powerless that he keeps on living his entire life with the people he doubts. Hawthorne does portray a world that signifies the themes of â€Å"Dark Romanticism†.He shows that human nature is perhaps not equipped to make itself perfect. Brown appears to posses no intuition or inner awareness that can help him to differentiate rights from wrongs. Even though the short story appears to be very bleak, it does give a strong message. Hawthorne has set in the text certain elements that suggest the probable way to redemption. â€Å"Faith†, is a strong suggestion that Hawthorne suggests Brown and all characters like him lack. Here, â€Å"faith† is a quality that is very much a part of an idealist society or a characteristic of transcendentalism.In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, the title character keeps on uttering the name â€Å"faith†, but he does not even have faith in Faith. In the story, Faith’s pink ribbons are a symbol of innocence. When Brown returns from the wilderness, he still sees Faith with the pink ribbons; and the author shows no signs of any loss of innocence of Faith, but Brown cannot trust her. In the times this story was written, there was an attitude in the society that women were to be symbols of purity and innocence and all men had to do to redeem themselves is be associated with a good woman.In this story, the plot is reflects this attitude of the society. Brown tries to save himself by clinging on to Faith’s â€Å"skirts and follow her to heaven†. The reaction that â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is most likely to draw out from its readers is a kind of realization that Brown had a choice in the story to have faith. He never finds any proof of evilness in his wife or the respected people around him, but he still chooses to be doubtful. The subtle message that the story gives is that â€Å"doubt† is the culprit and men are at fault for succumbing to it. Doubting does not make Brown’s life any better. He never trusted anybody and he were not even deceived by anybody. So the story shows that by having faith, he could have changed his life. He could have lived much more happily. In both â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, we find themes and characteristics of â€Å"Dark Romanticism†. They represent characters who do not completely know what the most right thing to do is. But what both these works do is create an urge in the reader to wish for perfection. These two stories are more like bridges to transcendentalism.Even though the dark romanticism period in the New England led by Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville and Emily Dickinson did not fully embrace transcendentalism, these two stories particularly leave the reader wanting and pondering more. The human mind works in a complex way and it has to be prepared for certain things to emerge. These two stories serve as a mirror that will help us to look within us for something more divine, that will help us find a greater understanding of what we ought to do. In both â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† the authors flirt with some invisible or uncertain elements.These uncertain or invisible elements challenge the readers to step into the shoes of Bartleby and Brown and think what they would have done in their cases. Bartleby and Brown invite us to right the wrongs. They appeal to us in different ways. But both call on us to observe and question how we do things. In literature, the effect it creates is probably the most important thing. The messages that come through these two short stories could have just been given explicitly and directly, but that would not have had the same kind of effect on us that the complex nature, tone, attitude and treatment of these two stories create.Bartleby’s call is strong as he takes a stance against characters like Nippers and Turkey, against whatever or whoever decides to roll in the mundane activities of the world without any consideration of what one ought to do. A very important aspect of the story is the character of the lawyer itself. The lawyer’s name is not mentioned in the story, which gives a significant hint that after all his profession is his most dominant identity. The lawyer tries to do things as a good, kind-hearted man would do. But still then he is not able to penetrate the mystery of Bartleby.This suggests that even the apparent or regular good is not good enough. The logical, materialistic mind of the lawyer is not deep enough, more is needed. â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† sets us up in pursuit of more; it sets us up in pursuit of perfection. A prominent transcendentalist of the 19th century American literature, Ralph Waldo Emerson said, â€Å"Even the materialist Condillac, perhaps the most logical expounder of materialism, was constrained to say, ‘Though we should soar into the heavens, though we should sink into the abyss, we never go out of ourselves; it is always our own thought that we perceive. What more could an idealist say? † It is said that Herman Melville was influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Even if he was not in reality, his work â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† surely sets us up or at least make us look in the direction of idealism. Goodman Brown is not a character that takes a stance, but the way he falls victim to his own ignorance compels us to look towards idealism as well, because as solution men and women tend to look for better. When materialism seems bleak, men are bound to look beyond into spirituality or seek ultimate reality. How to cite The Call of â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Cultural Web Analysis Of Heinz Australia - Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about theCultural Web Analysis of Heinz Australia. Answer: Introduction The paper will be making use of the case Transforming the Corporate Culture at Heinz Australia for identifying the problems that exist in the company and then the use of the change management theory i.e. the cultural web will be made for providing an explanation as to why the problems have arisen. Subsequently supported recommendations will be developed for improving the situation by taking into account the concerns as well as the interests of the stakeholders. Culture has an influence on the development of strategy as well as learning. Thus, for understanding the issues related to a company, it is first essential to have an understanding of the corporate culture and take into consideration the various dimensions that are associated with it. In corporate culture a system that is self-correcting and which can show improvement when mistakes occur is needed (Newell et al., 2009). Change management is inevitable in the world of today and for implementing changing, it is vital that the or ganisation is ready for it (Weiner, 2009). Understanding the organisations culture is important for implementing change management (Mento et al., 2010). Understanding Organisational Culture Culture is an aspect that comes from within the people and for rewarding the common capacities that they possess they put it together. Identity as well as continuity is provided to a group by culture. Contributions that are contradictory are balanced by culture and it operates as a system that is self steering and which gains learning through feedback. It acts as an information pattern and to a large extent it helps in facilitating the exchange of understanding. Values that are mostly harmonious are present within the culture (Hampden-Turner). Culture has also been explained as a pattern that comprises basic assumptions discovered, invented as well as discovered or developed by a particular group when it is learning to deal with the issues related to internal integration and also external adaptation which have been working fine in order to be considered as valid. Hence, a teaching regarding them needs to be given to the new members for assisting them in learning the correct way of perceiving, learning and feeling with respect to the problem (Schein, 2004). As per the above definitions, every organisation has a unique culture which has been given shape by the beliefs as well as the values of the people working there. As the evolution of culture occurs, it works in coordinating and controlling decision making, action and behaviour in the organisations. Thus, culture is a reflection of not only the written and explicit rules that an organisation has but also the subconscious and unwritten intangible beliefs and assumptions which give shape to organisational behaviour and can be observed in every facet of the daily life. These consist of the control, command, empowerment and styles of leadership; dress along with language; ways in which one way or two way communication can take place, upfront and open or guarded carefully and closed; adaptive and flexible, fluid or rigid, simple or complex, flat or tall structure of the organisation, and the ones that are regarded by the organisation as winners and heroes. It also includes the competitive success basis (cooperative or collective / individualistic). Cultural Web of Heinz, Australia Cultural Web is a tool that was for the first time mentioned by Gerry Johnson (1992). For the identification of culture that exists within the organisation, this is a perfect tool. The six key elements of the cultural web are interlinked to form a paradigm that is webs core. The cultural web can be considered similar to a medical check-up. It is instrumental in providing the management with the organisations cultural audit so that both the strengths as well as the weaknesses can be diagnosed. Thus, an opportunity is provided for the people managing the process of change to go deep in order to bring the hidden assumptions along with the beliefs and values that can be identified more readily to the surface. As a result identification becomes easy in terms of the aspects where major roadblocks will be encountered by the change managers for introducing changes and where allies and supporters can be expected. This will help them in prioritising their agenda of change and implement the mos t suitable mechanisms for managing the process of change. The components of culture that are tangible as well as intangible are also highlighted by the web. These work together in shaping organisational competencies that are distinctive or cause impediments in the organisations growth as well as development (Graetz et al., 2010). The nature of culture along with its composite parts that have been investigated and this will be helpful in analysing the cultural web value to identify the extent to which changes can possibly be made in the existing culture of the organisation. The implementation procedure requires that there is a deep understanding regarding the culture in which the organisation is operating or aiming to operate along with the understandings related to the cultures that exist in the organisation itself so that if required re-adaption can take place. Paradigm/Core Beliefs /Assumptions The real core of the culture of the organisation is represented by the paradigm which lies at the centre of the cultural web. These include the aspects of the life of the organisation that are invincible and hidden and which people find difficulty in identifying and explaining. It is a sort of taken for granted approach on the way things should take place and as a consequence are very difficult to change. A major issue is that the dominant behaviours as well as attitudes in Heinz had resulted in inaction along with fear and changes will be negligible in the organisation till these assumptions that are deep seated are brought to the surface and challenged. The paradigm was very negative at Heinz Australia that was present before the Widdows change. The culture was punitive with low risks. There was too much of inward focus where all the things appeared to be very difficult or involved too much of efforts. A feeling of transparency and positivity was brought into the organisation by Widdow which helped in instilling the confidence of the employees. Routines and Rituals A mantra regarding the organisation that was defined by Widdows was that it was a great place for working. This can be reflected in the routines as well as the rituals of everyday by show of respect towards one another and listening to everyones opinion which formed a part of the organisations routine behaviour (Collins Smith, 2006). Stories The senior management spread the stories throughout the organisation by the demonstration of the approach of Walk the talk in each of their behaviours. Widdow was the leader in this on the way people should behave with one another and the way he expected the behaviour of the other persons. Thus, for all the people in the organisation, he acted as a role model to whom all of them including the staff as well as the senior management could look up to. Symbolic Aspects The behaviour of the employees reflected the symbolic expression related to a great place of working. They were always ready to make contributions, innovating new ideas and challenging the complacency. Doing what was done by Widdows was a challenging task however, by constant communication of the same to the employees, this could be achieved (okpekin Knudsen, 2012). Power Structures Widdow placed emphasis in the removal of the power structure and also on showing the organisations employees that the organisation was respecting them and caring for them. The various initiatives such as the removal of staff monitoring, option of taking Friday as off on savings on the daytime, flexible working week displayed the mutual trust that existed between the employee and the employer and the balance between work and life. Organisational Structures At Heinz, Australia changes were brought in the organisational structure by reduction in salary of the staff by 25%, restructuring of the members of the board by bringing members into the middle level of the board. This made a clear statement that for an organisation the source of the innovative ideas was the bottom and middle level employees and for listening to them, it is necessary to bring them onto the board. Attitude change among the employees was also possible due to this (Cooksey, 2011). Control System Control system measures the system of rewards. All those who had made contributions with the ideas that were innovative were rewarded by the higher management as well as by Widows. This acted as a motivating factor for the others and also for the person who contributed the idea for thinking and acting more for the organisations betterment. The process is continuous wherein all the people working on the daily activities take a decision of doing it in a way that is better and then give suggestions to the superiors. This scenario is different from what it was earlier as people were afraid of thinking as well as speaking aloud. The organisations culture and attitude assisted all the people in being more positive and open. Major Forces for and against Change The cultural web analysis of the organisation helps in the identification of the key forces for as well as against change. As a part of the analysis all the web elements describe the forces either for or against change. On the basis of the organisational structure, it is a clarity that that restructures have taken place in the organisation by inviting middle level people and providing encouragement to their ideas. This will help in the implementation of new changes in the organisation since the receptiveness of the people towards change will increase. As per this symbolic aspect of the analysis there has been a change in the behaviour of the middle management and thus it has become all the more receptive and respectful of the ideas that are new (Vinding, 2006). This is an indication of the trust in the organisations vision and the same level of behaviours will be shown by the employees when interacting with their subordinates as well as the other members both inside the organisation and also outside it. the positive environment of work and attitude of the organisation has played a significant part in the implementation of changes which have been suggested by Widdows. As a consequence of this the attrition rate in the company was low which indicated increased loyalty for the company. The major forces that exist against the change for the company were figured out in the analysis of routine as well as rituals of the employees that indicated a work environment that was highly depressing and negative, the higher managements lack of confidence as it had the feeling that all the tasks are needed too much of effort and were also very difficult. This resulted in faith and optimism going out of the company resulting in it becoming an organisation that was focused inward. The power structure also gave the suggestion that nobody from the middle management was included in the board members resulting in high degree of autonomy of at the top due to which the opinion as well as the ideas of the lower management could not be heard. For the survival of any organisation, a significant factor is innovation otherwise the organisation cannot survive (Roberts, 2007). In Heinz, Australia also there was lack of innovation before the joining of Widdow which resulted in the organisation b ecoming dull and almost dead. Absence of innovation and also experimentation resulted in the stagnancy of the organisation and it slipped into a mode of complacency. Key Strengths of the New Culture Each change that is conducted as a change management part needs to show compliance with the companys overall strategic objectives. The changes related to trust, openness and challenging of the status quo have been introduced in the organisation and they form the cultures basic ingredients (Adams et al., 2006). Attitude and Behaviour Changes This ensured that no one was taken for granted. From inward looking organisation, it started encouraging experimentation and innovation. The top management sent a clear message that they wanted to survive, change and grow with the assistance of operational efficiency, employee engagement and a desire for excelling. Openness and Transparency The kind of knowledge that is transferred in a particular situation is determined by the cultural norm. It can consist of punishment, rewards, expectation and rules. Heinz Australia developed a culture that comprised transparency and openness which put the organisation in a strong position as openness in environment facilitated the flow of knowledge to the right sort of persons so that they could handle problems in future (Kang Snell, 2009). Loyalty and Commitment The development of loyalty sense for the organisation was developed by the employees resulting in low attrition and high engagement with superiors. This helped in ensuring that new knowledge and learnings remained within the organisation and also spread to others. Employees found the company a great place for working. This develops into a strategic force for achieving common goals. Self-Learning Mode for Improving Continuously The company improved on its mistakes and worked hard for achieving results that were better. This will help it in attaining competitive advantage. Recommendations Sustaining the Positive as well as the Innovative Environment Heinz, Australia has to ensure that the culture of negativity as well as pessimism is not brought back into the organisation and they continue with be a great place for working. The environment that is positive and surrounded by openness along with innovativeness has resulting in giving a platform to the employees for meeting the external world challenges. Avoidance of Complacency Management should avoid becoming complacent even after they have become successful and profitable. The basic behaviour which is related to trust and mutual respect needs to prevail for the organisations success. Once, the maturity of the organisations and increasing profitability will become a regular feature, they tend to develop complacency (Alves et al., 2007). The employees need to constantly communicate the vision of the management and creativity and innovative culture needs to be ensured (Moultrie Young, 2009). Transparency and Fairness The company needs to give a fair treatment to its employees with respect to the corporate practices and ethics. As the control system of the cultural web, the reward as well as recognition practice for the deserving candidates needs to be a practice that should be adopted by all the units of the company. This helps in motivating the deserving candidates and the subordinates to put in better performance. Lead by Example The great place needs to sustain the corporate culture for ensuring that the employees are engaged with the organisation and willing to put in extra efforts for achievement of the best results. A great effort was undertaken by Widdow in bringing changes in the attitudes as well as the mindsets of the people for attaining the best of everyone and increasing the companys profitability (Chen Huang, 2009). Flexibility facilitates innovations and Heinz, Australia by being innovative and open has achieved flexibility. This needs to be sustained. Conclusion Heinz Australia that had become an organisation which was pessimistic as well as inward focusing wherein the people had apprehensions in talking out openly but under Widdows leadership its transformation took place into an enterprise that was profitable and successful. The reason for this turnaround by Widdow was analysed and the changes that he implemented were focused for bringing improvements in the company. Identification of a problem is the first step for solving it. The problems were identified so that change management could be adopted so that the turnaround of the organisation could happen. Consequently, the negativity paradigm, inward thinking and lack of confidence shifted towards being more transparent and open and led to experimentation and exploration. References Adams, R., Bessant, J. Phelps, R., 2006. Innovation management measurement: A review,. International Journal of Management Reviews, 8(1), pp.21-47. Alves, J., Marques, M.J., Saur, I. Marques, P., 2007. Creativity and Innovation through Multidisciplinary and Multisectoral Cooperation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 16(1), pp.27-34. Chen, C.J. Huang, J.W., 2009. Strategic human resource practices and innovation performance The mediating role of knowledge management capacity. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), pp.104-14. okpekin, O. Knudsen, M.P., 2012. Does Organizing for Creativity Really Lead to Innovation? Creativity and Management, 21(3), pp.304-15. Collins, C.J. Smith, K.G., 2006. Knowledge Exchange and Combination: The Role of Human Resource Practices in the Performance of High-Technology Firms. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), pp.544-60. Cooksey, R.W., 2011. Yours, Mine or Ours: What Counts as Innovation? The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 17(3), pp. 283-95. Graetz, F., Rimmer, M., Smith, A. Lawrence, A., 2010. Managing Organisational Change. 3rd ed. Kang, S.C. Snell, S.A., 2009. Intellectual Capital Architectures and Ambidextrous Learning: A Framework for Human Resource Management. Journal of Management Studies, 46(1), pp.65-92. Mento, A., Jones, R. Dirndorfer, W., 2010. A change management process: Grounded in both theory and practice. Journal of Change Management, 3(1), pp.49-59. Moultrie, J. Young, A., 2009. Exploratory Study of Organizational Creativity in Creative Organizations. Creativity and Innovation Management, 18, pp.299314. Newell, S., Robertson, M., Scarbrough, H. Swan, J., 2009. Managing knowledge work and innovation. Basingstoke, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Roberts, E.B., 2007. Managing Invention and Innovation. Research-Technology Management, 50(1), pp.35-54. Schein, E.H., 2004. Organizational Culture and Leadership. 3rd ed. Available at: Available at: https://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_2/Organizational%20Culture%20Organizational%20Culture%20and%20Leadership,%203rd%20Edition.pdf (Ac [accessed 8 September 2016]. Vinding, A.L., 2006. Absorptive capacity and innovative performance: A human capital approach. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 15(4-5), pp.507-17. Weiner, B.J., 2009. A theory of organizational readiness for change. ImplementationScience, 67, p.4.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essays - Health, RTT, Medicine, Personal Life

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome On any given day in the United States... 10,657 babies are born. (US Census Bureau). Twenty of these babies are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Twenty may seem as though it is not a lot, but when you compare it to the fact that this number is more than HIV positive, Muscular Dystrophy, Spina Bifida and Down Syndrome combine it creates a whole new parameter. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a direct result of a woman's competed disregard for the fetus. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS, hereinafter), is a series of both mental and physical birth defects that can include, but are not limited to, mental retardation, deficiencies in growth, central nervous system dysfunction, behavioral maladjustments, and craniofacial abnormalities. It is common knowledge not to smoke or drink during pregnancy. Growth abnormalities can be significant and also includes all three of the following respects of growth: weight, length and head circumference. Most of the time the baby's growth abnormalities are so severe they need to be hospitalized because of obvious failure to survive. A baby with craniofacial abnormalities can be recognized by their eyes in that they are small with exaggerated inner epicanthic folds. (Health Visitor Nov. 1981) The bridge of the nose is normally poorly developed. The ears are often large and simple in form. (Midwives Chronicle and Nursing notes) At first, when the baby is delivered, the affected infant shows signs of alcohol withdrawal; with signs that are much similar to delirium tremens in adults. They are often anxious, have a weak grasp, poor hand-to-eye coordination and consistent difficulty in feeding and sucking. People can not blame the mother's for the most part though. It is a common ignorance among the health care providers. Most health care providers are untrained and unfamiliar with substance abuse issues among pregnant women. FAS is widely misdiagnosed and or under diagnosed. Only ten percent of medical schools require students to complete a course on the proper diagnosis of individuals with alcohol and other drug addictions. Many women do not receive proper pre-natal care, and a study performed by a National Center for Health Statistics found that doctors appear less likely to tell a pregnant black woman to quit drinking and or smoking than they would be to a white woman. (The New York Times, January 19, 1994) As mentioned above, a baby with FAS can suffer from many different birth abnormalities. These disabilities will indeed last a lifetime. There is no amount of alcohol found to be safe to consume during pregnancy. FAS is, however, 100% preventable when a woman abstains from alcohol. FAS is the leading known cause of mental retardation. Approximately, one out of 750 live birth are born each year with FAS. (The Journal of American Medical Association, 1991) Thirty to 40% of the mothers who drink "heavily" throughout pregnancy have the syndrome. FAS is not limited to any one group, race, culture, or socio-economic background. Between one-third and two-thirds of children in special education have been affected by alcohol in some way. (The Journal of American Medical Association, 1991) Comparison of children and adults with FAS shows that with the approach to adolescence, the specific craniofacial features are not as noticeable as they are in infancy. Average academic functioning of these children and adults does not seem to develop beyond early school grade level. The short stature and small head (micro cephalic), seem to be permanent. The most noticeable behavioral problems were found to be with comprehension, judgment, and attention skills, causing these adults born with FAS to experience major psychological and adjustment problems for the rest of their lives. Numerous studies with animals, of experimental alcoholism, where nutritional status has been well controlled, have shown that the damage to the developing fetus, such as low birth rate CNS ( Central Nervous System) impairment, etc. are caused by the direct consequence of the effects of alcohol. In addition, some of these studies have shown a clear continuum effect; the higher the blood alcohol of the mother, the greater the damage to the developing fetus. Even though the direct connection between alcohol intake and birth defects is now indisputable, there are other etiological factors associated with maternal drinking that must also be considered as contributing factors in an adverse pregnancy outcome. The most important of these secondary factors is alcohol related malnutrition, as nutritional deficiencies occur frequently with alcohol intake due to reduced appetite. Alcohol-induced zinc depletion is particularly well documented. This has shown a positive correlation with reduced zinc status and low birth weight and fetal malformations, suggesting that inadequate zinc

Monday, November 25, 2019

THE SINCEREST FORM OF FLATTERY essays

THE SINCEREST FORM OF FLATTERY essays Im a flake. Make plans with me at your own risk because Ill inevitably let you down. You can count on me arriving no less than fifteen minutes late to meet you but that is, of course, if I show up at all. I do this because I am inconsiderate and dont appreciate you or your time. If you count on me to be somewhere at a specific time, Ill fuck it up and ruin your whole day. You may think Im exaggerating for dramatic effect, but consider yourself sufficiently warned. All of this may sound hard for you to believe I know it shocked the hell out of me when I heard it. It never occurred to me that I had this reputation or that for the members of my family, it was a long and widely held belief. Not because it wasnt like them to talk behind my back after all, Ive been a member of the Gillis family for 27 years and know thats how we operate. No, I just thought I was boring and my life too uneventful to have cultivated an M.O. To be honest, I didnt think they had enough raw materials to work with. Sure, I spent the better part of my teenage years holed up in my bedroom listening to Nina Simone and Joy Division, venturing out only to eat and go to school, but was that so uncommon? Maybe, but since I had no friends at the time, how was I to know? Although I was deeply committed to my sullen, agoraphobic way of life, I eventually grew out of that phase and went on to make friends and have boyfriends, therefore established myself as more normal, whatever that means. I thought I was living under their radar, but looking back now, I shouldve known b etter. I am the second youngest child in a family of seven kids and like many large families; we Gilliss adhere to the rules and norms of our own particular hierarchal social structure. I realized pretty early on that in order to establish and maintain my position in our organization, I had to learn...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Stress in American Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stress in American Society - Essay Example They are simply mirroring their parents' struggle for cars, boats, and bigger houses. Still, there is little compassion for the overloaded 15 year old. Stress is expected. Time is money. Americans too readily sacrifice quality family time in an effort to generate the success they need to buy their family quality things. If America really wants to pay more than just intellectual homage and lip service to the concept of 'family first' then they must take a good hard look at their real system of values. The postmodern world of technology has made American teenagers the most stressed out and overloaded generation in history. Students are groomed for success in a competitive world with everything from school to extra-curricular activities, and "staying up all night to finish routine assignments, to agonizing over falling grades because jobs crowd out homework" (Shellenbarger1). When work takes priority over grades, it brings on an additional source of stress. A recent study reported that the number of hours a student works is directly related to their "emotional exhaustion and psychological strain" (de man, Harvey, Ward, and Benoit 248). These tensions are a reflection of the seventy percent of parents who don't have time for their children, and the untold children who don't have time for their parents. ... in a hectic schedule, peers into the future and predicts, "We're moving fast as it is, and you know our kids are going to be moving even faster" (Shellenbarger 2). These children naively look to jobs and technology to save them, as if the problem will also provide the solution (Shellenbarger2). One 16-year-old boy is already plotting his future, isolated from his family, where they respect him for his money and little else (Shellenbarger2). Other than being wealthy the teen doesn't know what he wants to be. These are the children that America is producing in its rush to compete and produce. These are the children that are bombarded by a pop culture that idolizes wealth and has disdain for the real and mundane. These are the children that are raised by a generation of parents where average is not an option and failure is for losers. The solution to this national madness will only be accepted when America takes an honest inventory of their needs, and makes a real commitment to 'family values'. There is plenty of support for altering our schedules, slowing down, and making a decision whether to keep the BMW or the family. High school students overwhelmingly want to spend more time with their children than their parents did (Shellenbarger3). Parents need to reassess their priorities and make more time and 'mental space' for their children. It requires more than simply being present, and may not involve a super-sacrifice of time. Parents need to provide "a variety of behaviours that the child values: for example, closeness, warmth and being ready to defend the child's interests" (Lewis 297). This is not merely quantity time, but is the quality time that has been a time-honored goal of all parents. Students and institutions need to make a realistic evaluation of what is

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Future of Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Future of Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Future of Fashion" concerns the fashion's future. The visual physical contact will determine to a large extent whether the costumer will like the product or not. The place therefore is very essential because it is where the actual sale occurs. The place of the retailing activity – the Store – has its evolution: from the retailer’s house, to a small stall without a roof on a busy street; to a structure with a roof in an open plaza or space, to a big store in a big building, to a shop inside a building with other smaller shops, and to a group of many big stores all housed under a large structure or venue. A store’s size may be small, medium or big. It may only have a table where the goods are placed for sale or it may have many merchandising elements like shelves, racks, booths, kiosks, counters, cashiers, aisles, promotional materials and sales people. The shop may be a simple room or an architectural building with interior design to make it attr active for customers to come inside the store. The store therefore performs many functions other than just the place of sale; it also serves as a promotional, advertising and marketing tool. It must attract people to come inside, look at the products and make a purchase. It must give customers a good feeling and pleasant experience for them to visit again and buy. With the hectic changes and very fast-paced improvement of technology however, the significance and effectiveness of the store is slowly being threatened to the point. where it may be relegated to performing a minor or useless role. That single technology challenging the role of the store as the forefront of the retailing business is the Computer-Internet tandem. With changes in technology come also changes in the psychological and mental attitudes of people. Human beings when exposed to the capabilities of gadgets and instruments become attracted to the benefits and amenities that technology brings and they soon begin to have a lifestyle revolving around such technology. These modern tools have brought them up close to and face to face with goods and services through the internet without having to enter a store. According to Campus Market Research, 91% of US college students are online everyday and 74% prefer to buy textbooks online (Sanchez 6). Products can be seen before the monitor of a computer with colors approximating their real value; the specifications of the product may be downloaded and known; and prices from different stores may be viewed and compared. The products can be ordered and paid with credit cards through the internet itself or executed with the support of electronic peripherals like a telephone, cell-phone or fax machine. Lastly, the buyer has the luxury and comfort of having the bought items delivered to his or her doorstep without ever having to step inside a single store! One may be led to think that the Internet may cause the complete obliteration or obsolescence of the stor e. As mentioned earlier, Traditional or Conventional Retailing is done through the Store (store-retailing). It is a real place where real goods are physically located. It is a place where consumers can go to look at the goods they need and possibly buy if they want them. They can see, smell and touch the actual product; they can make real time appreciation and evaluation of the product

Monday, November 18, 2019

Causal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causal Argument - Essay Example Causes of Pollution As noted by the US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, pollution could be caused by either human or natural processes. In environmental pollution, air pollution has been commonly reported in industrial towns. Raven, Berg and Hassenzahl (12) categorize air pollutants into gaseous and particulate pollutants. These gaseous and particulate matters get released into the atmosphere through burning of fossil fuels including petroleum and coal. Such activities cause the release of both fine and coarse particles, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur compounds, radioactive substances and halogens. The main sources of this form of pollution are motor vehicles using either diesel or gasoline, rail roads, aircraft, agricultural burning and industrial processes among others (Awosanya, Sebiomo and Idiagi 612). According to Shafi (3), a combination of the effect of these processes results in the release of 91.0, 25.7, 30.2, 29.1 and 18.7 metric tons of carbon monoxide, particulate matte r, sulfur oxides, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides respectively. Pesticides have also been noted to cause a spread of ungraded ions in the air thus possibly contaminating the air. Metallurgical industries, petroleum refineries, fertilizer and chemical industries and pulp and paper mills have been noted to contribute greatly to air pollution. They produce gaseous emissions that pollute the air. Various solid and liquid wastes pollute water. Organic and mineral wastes and industrial by-products or effluents carried into water bodies cause pollution. Furthermore, pollutants emanating from agricultural fields containing phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers eventually reach water bodies. According to Shafi (4), these pollutants deoxygenate and intoxicate the water causing a lethal or sub-lethal reaction to the micro-organisms in the water. Examples of sources of water pollution include food processing industries such as canning, brewing, refineries and dairy industries, chemical plants, oil drilling wastes, blast furnace washing, rubber production factories and research laboratories among many others. Raven, Berg and Hassenzahl (405) also note that metallic wastes like zinc, lead, copper and mercury released as effluents or wastes from industries eventually reach water bodies. These not only deteriorate the quality of water but also get deposited in the bodies of the living organisms that consume the water. Additionally, sewage effluents, organic wastes and exudates promote the life of microbes that thrive on organic matter like algae, fungi, helminthes, bacteria and viruses. These are known to cause dangerous diseases in both the flora and fauna. Lastly, pollution of the soil could result from the insanitary habits of humans or disposal of semi-solid and solid wastes. The atmospheric fall-out also causes soil pollution. The current rapid urbanization has led to limited space in which solid wastes could be deposited (Shafi 6). The disposal of these wastes on land has led to toxic materials seeping deep into the soil which affects the course of ground water. Agricultural practice has seen pesticides, manures and fertilizers introduced to lad leading to chemical and biological contamination. Wastes containing micro organisms pollute soil and could cause these micro organisms to enter into the food chain and subsequently consumed by humans. Radiation could be

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Teaching Creativity in Primary Schools

Teaching Creativity in Primary Schools Creativity Arts Primary â€Å"The philosophical foundation for teaching integrated arts in the primary school is based on the belief that aesthetic and creative education is the entitlement of every child and that the nature and quality of the provisions determines the distinctiveness of cultural life and academic performance in school.†(Bloomfield,2000,pg1). For this essay I am going to be talking about why teaching creativity in the arts in primary school is an essential part of children’s learning and what children gain from the lessons. I will be reflecting on my own learning experiences in this module as I feel this justifies why creative arts should be taught. I will be explaining how I can use what I have learnt, from this module, in school and talk about the creative lessons I have planned for in school. â€Å"Children’s natural enthusiasm for the arts, as major and valid sources of knowledge, is nurtured from the first day at school and their motivation and commitment is maintained throughout their primary years.† (Bloomfield,2000,pg1). Creative arts is an essential part of school life as it includes practical engagement of all children as they learn how to paint, compose music, write or to dance, and as they progress through the school year their knowledge of each art form deepens. When children discover social, cultural or historical aspects of the arts they are able to increase their knowledge of the topic by referring to books, articles, artefacts, CDs, recordings and videos. This also gives the children a deeper understanding of their work. (Bloomfield,2000). Creative arts also develop the use of children’s imagination, the way that they respond to their own life experiences and the way they express and communicate their ideas. This can also help their physical development which includes performing confidently, imaginably and good use of space for themselves and others while performing. (Moyles,2002). Creative arts also involves children with different learning needs, audio, visual and kinaesthetic. The lessons are designed to include all children and allow children to achieve their goals. Each creative area helps develop different skills for learning. I am going to talk about how drama, music and art can aid children’s learning in school. â€Å"Art and design stimulates creativity and imagination. It provides visual tactile and sensory experiences and a unique way of understanding the world.†(DfEE,1999,pg116). Art artefacts can be found anywhere, all that is needed is imagination to use these artefacts effectively and this can then bring any classroom activity to life. All artefacts that are found can be used to teach the programmes of study in the National Curriculum. â€Å"Art is fashioned from world resources, and the natural environment has provided the stimulus for wide ranging art activities both as the stimulus for the design and in the way in which the properties of its material has determined the form of the art object†. (Bloomfield,2000,pg88). During art sessions children acquire a range of skills which include visual and manual skills, skills to use a wide range of materials and media and problem solving skills. These skills then enable children to formulate their ideas and use materials and artefacts to create their own artefacts in 2D and 3D form. The use of these skills enhance children’s practical knowledge of art making. Children become critically aware during art sessions. They are able to discuss and write about their experiences of art making and develop a metalanguage to discuss their experiences of visual art and design. (Bloomfield,2000). â€Å"Children build up their powers of discussion; they incorporate a vocabulary that has meaning for them from their own creative participation as well as in critical discussion.† (Moyles,2002,pg40). During a school topic where art is a key focus it is essential to present children’s work either in a portfolio or a class display as this allows the class to reflect on the work they have produced and the value of the process and allows children to comment constructively on each others work. (Bloomfield,2000). â€Å"Music is a powerful, unique form of communication that can change the way pupils feel, think and act. It brings together intellect and feeling and enables personal expression, reflection and emotional development.† (DfEE,1999,pg122). Music sessions in school provide vital skills for children to progress through their primary and secondary years. Music lessons enhance children’s listening skills. â€Å"Listening is fundamental both in forms of the sounds independently produced and also the collective responses of groups.† Music also enhances group work as it aids inclusion because children, whatever their background or aptitude, have the ability to express themselves successfully in the classroom. Mutual respect and self-discipline is acquired during these sessions as children develop good relationships with each other. (Bloomfield,2000). â€Å"Participation in music and its integration with other art forms provides a rich social environment for children. Performance and presentational work develops a close working relationship within the peer group.† (Bloomfield,2000,pg76). Music is also looked at as a form of communication. Many professional song writers write songs to deploy meaning and get messages out to the greater world. Musical understanding through singing songs helps children use their voices in an eloquent and effective manner. Children in school are encouraged to adapt music as a form of communication asmusic offers a unique mode of experience where children can receive and express ideas and feelings. This also encourages children to use descriptive language to describe why they have chosen a particular sound to represent their emotions mood or feelings. Music also develops children’s speech as children with musical training have a greater capability to process all sounds, including speech. (Bloomfield,2000). â€Å"ICT is a powerful and necessary tool for the children which both enhances and informs their music, whether as creators, performers, or as investigators.† (Bloomfield,2000,pg87). Children can use music to find out about the world. There are many links that can be made with music and the celebration of diversity. Children can be encouraged to make music CDs to share with different schools in different communities and countries. Music which the children relate to or which is related to the topic may create different feelings. These feelings can be compared within the group or between different schools. As with music there is no right or wrong answer and it would be interesting to see how other people interpret their ideas and this celebrates diversity. (Bloomfield,2000). When children have recorded their piece it is possible for them to use it as backing music to a performance associated with their topic, this then uses music to enhance and intensify the other creative arts. Drama can be split into two sections, drama and dance. â€Å"Dance education provides children with an artistic language of actions which, linked with their intellectual and physical growth, is transformed into a significant and meaningful mode of communication.† (Bloomfield,2000,pg46). Dance sessions gain children techniques in coordinating movements, inventing movements, remembering movements and then transferring the movements into a dance routine. During these sessions children are encouraged to use their whole body to do this. Dance can be linked to Literacy sessions as children are â€Å"using their bodies to express metaphors and symbols through the formulation and organisation of movement patterns that capture and convey meaning.† (Bloomfield,2000,pg 45). This is also a good way to introduce poetry to children, as they are comparing themselves to something different. Children may be encouraged to show how they are feeling as dance has a semantic structure which provides the basis of how children can think, feel and express ideas through movement. Drama and dance can be used to enhance descriptive work of characters the children are portraying. Drama links with literacy development and understanding as it enables children with the pronunciation of words and recitation from stories and poems. (Bloomfield,2000). Pie Corbett believes that children should story map to remember plots in their stories. This is to help them when they are reciting stories to the class. He believes that this way helps develop a child’s memory as they only need their own interpretation of a picture to tell a story. Dance and music linked together is a way for children to express their understanding of themselves and the world as they perceive it. This can encourage children to research different dances and music from different countries of the world. When children participate in these lessons they are including themselves in the coordination of the group. Once children have been given an initial stimulus they are in control of their group. This then develops their skills in working collectively and harmoniously together because a group who can not function this way will have no hope in producing a final piece of work. Drama can be linked with music as this can provide an effective atmosphere matching the mood for a production. Art can be used to create wall displays, props and set designs for a drama production. During this module I can honestly say I have felt lost at times. The reason for this was due to my own experiences that involved creative arts at school. During art lessons I was always under the impression that I could not draw. I would always feel embarrassed about my work. The art teacher gave me no confidence in the lessons. It was a case of turning up, doing the work and then be given no constructive feedback. I took this negativity into my first art seminar. I did not feel comfortable doing the tasks that were set but I carried on. I then had a very long discussion with Catherine about my finished products. She then told me that I was concentrating on the negatives factors of my art work and I should look closely at the positives. Even though I believe she was cross with my attitude towards art, she took the time to teach me a valuable lesson. This I will never forget and I can use effectively in my own art lesson. By making me see the positives in my work I was able to achieve more because I felt confident in what I was doing. I was praised effectively but not over praised as I would have thought she was patronising me. This is the correct attitude to have in the classroom whilst teaching. Children know when they have been given false or too much praise and then the praise is not effective. â€Å"Praise can alienate pupils because every response is being judged by the praise it receives.†(Cockburn,2006,pg105). During my time in school I have planned individual drama and music lessons. For the music lesson the class was split into three groups. Each group was given a number of instruments that made sounds related to Christmas. I gave each group a starting point and this was Christmas Eve, Christmas day morning and Christmas day afternoon. I asked each group to compile a composition relating to the starting point. The children knew that this was their first draft of a composition and they would have time to â€Å"practise, rehearse and perform† ,(DfEE,1999,pg126), as the teacher was going to use my idea in further music lessons. The children had to note the pattern of their music using symbols; this was going to make it easier for them to improve the composition. The children were left in control of their own compositions as I did not want any of my own personal input involved in their work. Children are far more creative and adventurous when they are left to their own devices and the y will learn more about their work. (Bloomfield,2000). â€Å"Tell me and I forget, show me and I may remember, let me do it and I will learn.†(DfEE,1999,pg90). It is important when using the creative arts that the children have an end product to show for their work. It was therefore essential that our group was able to show off our work on the ‘Railway lines through the snow’ painting. This gave us a sense of achievement and finalised all our hard work. As a group we all developed through the module especially our concert performance. I had to listen to my peers and they had to listen to me. We had to stay harmonised and focused otherwise the concert would have been a disaster. Each member of the group had different personal strengths and we had to use each others strengths to aid our concert performance. I developed all the skills that I have spoken about which children develop during creative arts sessions and I understand if we did not have these skills we would not progress, and achieve our end goal. â€Å"The creative arts permit individual children to conceptualise and understand their strength areas to compensate or overcome weakness in other areas. It also has the impact of motivating children, sustaining their interest and improving their self-esteem. It provides in-depth study and develops all round skills.†(Bloomfield,2000,pg108). Experience in the creative arts is therefore an essential part of a child’s learning. References Bloomfield. A. (2000). Teaching Integrated Arts in the Primary School. London:David Fulton Publishers. Cockburn A. Handscomb G. (2006). Teaching children 3-11, a students guide. 2nd ed. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. DfES., (1999). The National Curriculum. London:DfES Moyes, J. (2002). Beginning Teaching:Beginning Learning in Primary Education. Second edition. Buckingham: Open University. Palmer, S.(2003) Literacy: What works? London: Nelson Thornes.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Holding Parents Accountable for Their Childrens Behavior :: essays research papers

In the past, there have been many minors who have done numerous of acts in which they are punished in a reasonable manner. Just imagine if the parents of these children were put on trail instead of the minors. Why should a parent have to suffer the consequences for their child’s mistake, in which they probably had no idea what the child was doing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to The Beaufort Gazette in Beaufort, SC, â€Å"A couple in Boise, Idaho now faces criminal charges because their 10- and 12-year old sons sexually molested three of their younger siblings, starting when one of the children was just one month old.† The report goes on to say, â€Å"Prosecutors said one girl was just 2 years old when the abuse started in October 2002. The other girl was less than 8 months old. The sexual abuse of the boy allegedly began in December 2002, when he was just one month old.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to The Idaho Statesman Newspaper in Boise, Idaho, â€Å"The parents are being charged with four counts of felonies. The first three include the connection with the allegations of sexual abuse by the boys, and the fourth charge addresses allowing a child to walk on dirty floors, in which resulted in infected cuts on the child’s feet.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This sounds more like a child neglect case rather than a connection of a child molestation case. I am not defending the couple in any way, but I feel there is no proof of them knowing about such acts going on between their children. Therefore, it will be hard to prosecute the couple on the molestation charges unless there is some type of evidence that is not being presented or considered until the trail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was a

Monday, November 11, 2019

Value System in Nepal

What is value system? In simple way value system means the principle of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group. Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person’s sense of right and wrong or what â€Å"ought† to be. 40â€Å"Equal rights for all† and â€Å"People should be treated with respect and dignity† are representative of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior.For example, if you value equal rights for all and you go to work for an organization that treats its managers much better than it does its workers, you may form the attitude that the company is an unfair place to work; consequently, you may not produce well or may perhaps leave the company. It is likely that if the company had had a more egalitarian policy, your attitude and behaviors would have been more positive. A value system is in essence the ordering and prioriti zation of the ethical and ideological values that an individual or society holds.While two individuals or groups may share a set of common values, they may differ in their determination of which values in that set have precedence over others. The two individuals or groups are said to have different value systems, even though they may have many values in common, if their prioritization of values differs, or if there are different exceptions they attach to these values. Groups and individuals whose differing value systems have many values in common may still wind up in conflict, ideological or physical, with each other, because of the differences in their value systems.People with differing value systems will thus disagree on the rightness or wrongness of certain actions, both in the abstract and in specific circumstances. In essence, a value system (if sufficiently well-defined) is a formalization of a moral code. The premise behind the discipline of rigorously examining value system s and the differences between them (given the provisional name ethonomics) is that an understanding of these differences in prioritization of values can lead to greater understanding about the politics (and motivations) of individuals and groups.While political discourse in recent times has frequently focused on the â€Å"values† held by the people engaging in the discourse (be they candidates, office holders, or media pundits), in reality those being compared share many (perhaps most) values in common. It is in their prioritization of those values that they differ, causing them (as a result of these different prioritizations) to come to different conclusions about what is right and wrong, and to take different actions accordingly.One example of a simple formal value system is Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, which is intended as value system (of sorts) for robots in the hypothetical future of Asimov's science fiction novels. Simply distilled, the laws stipulate that: * human life is of primary importance and value (â€Å"A robot may not harm a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. â€Å") * orders given by human beings to robots are secondary, to be obeyed as long as they do not violate the first law (â€Å"A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. ) * a robot's own existence is of tertiary value, meaning that a robot should preserve its own life only if the other two laws have been satisfactorily complied with (â€Å"A robot must protect its own existence, as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. â€Å") Naturally, this is a very simplistic set of values, but the idea behind formalization of value systems is that more complex value systems that apply to human society might be derived or mapped from similar principles and structures, and that conflicts between such value systems might be resolved rat ionally.Definitions Values In order to define value systems, we need to define the characteristics of values that could be represented in a value system. The values that a group or person holds may fall into several different categories. The ones that usually concern us in the area of value systems are the ethical and the ideological. * Ethical values may be thought of as those values which serve to distinguish between good and bad, right and wrong, and moral and immoral. At a societal level, these values frequently form a basis for what is permitted and what is prohibited. Ideological values deal with the broader or more abstract areas of politics, religion, economics, and social mores. In theory, the broader ideological values should derive logically as natural consequences of the particulars of fundamental ethical values and their prioritizations. But although ideally a value system ought to be consistent, quite often this is not the case. Value Systems As mentioned earlier, a va lue system is the ordering and prioritization of the ethical and ideological values that an individual or society holds.The specific prioritizations may lead to designated exceptions invoked because one value is deemed more important than another (e. g. , â€Å"lying is wrong, but lying to save someone else's life is acceptable, because human life is more valuable (more highly valued) than the principle that lying is wrong†). Regardless of whether or not value systems are formed logically, they determine for individuals and societies what actions they are likely to act and how those actions are likely to be justified (or perhaps ‘rationalized'). Characteristics of Value SystemsValue systems can be categorized along multiple axes: * They can be personal, held by an individual and applicable only to an individual, or they can be communal or societal, defined by and applying to a community or society. Communal value systems may be legal codes take on the force of law in ma ny societies. * They can be internally consistent, where the broader ideological values derive logically as natural consequences of the particulars of fundamental ethical values, and where values do not contradict each other, or they can be inconsistent.Although ideally a value system ought to be consistent, quite often this is not the case in practice. Note that valuing the consistency of a value system is itself a sort of ‘meta-value', that could be present or absent in a given value system. * They can be idealized value systems (ideal representations of an individual's or group's value prioritizations) or realized value systems (how such a value system is manifested in reality, in the actions and decisions of the individual or group).Idealized value systems tend to be absolute, in that they are codified as a strict set of proscriptions on behavior, while realized value systems contain conditional exceptions that are rules to resolve collisions between values in practical ci rcumstances. Personal vs. Communal A value system may be held by a group of people, a community or society, or it might be held by an individual. An individual person's value system might be consistent with or equivalent to the community's value system. Consistency does not imply equivalence, though.An individual's value system might even hold the person to a higher standard, and still be consistent with the community's value system. (Consistency within a value system, described below, refers to the degree to which contradictions and overt situational exceptions are absent from that value system; consistency between value systems means that any action that might be taken in one value system would not contradict the rules associated with another. ) Exceptions One way of looking at differences between value systems is to think of the exceptions to the â€Å"rules† associated with values.These could be abstract exceptions (which are generalized enough in the way they are defined to take hold in all situations) and situational exceptions (which only can be said to be applied in very specific situations). The more generalized the exception, the more useful it is in a wider context for defining a consistent value system. In general, abstract exceptions serve to reinforce the prioritization of values, e. g. : Lying is wrong, but lying to save someone else's life is acceptable, because preserving a human life is more valuable (more highly valued) than the adhering to the principle that lying is wrong.In a formal value system (idealized or realized), the default exception associated with each value is assumed to be â€Å"as long as no higher-priority value is violated†. However, this hierarchical structure may be too simplistic in practice, and explicit exceptions may need to be specified. Examples of exceptions in practice: * We may commonly agree that telling the truth is an important positive value, and that conversely deception is inherently wrong. Bu t we make both abstract and situational exceptions for circumstances where we may assert that lying is acceptable behavior.Thus lying to avoid causing another person pain as a general rule would be considered an abstract exception, while lying in a particular situation because a specific person, if lied to, might do a specific thing at a specific time would be considered a situational exception. * People may agree that stealing is wrong, but some people may believe that stealing if you are starving and want to feed yourself and your loved ones is more acceptable than stealing if you are a abitual thief who makes a living stealing from people, or if you are an already wealthy person whose greed leads you to steal from your partners, your investors, or those you do business with. Others may find nothing wrong with stealing from faceless corporations and business establishments but may frown upon stealing from individuals. Some may define certain acts to qualify as not stealing if they fit into some of these categories. * People who think that killing is wrong might make an exception for someone acting in self-defense, placing a higher value on preservation of one's own life than on the principle of â€Å"thou shalt not kill†.Someone in the military might accept the value that killing another person is wrong yet may see nothing wrong with killing someone (in self-defense or not) in the course of or following the orders of a military commander (assumed to have a valid reason for ordering the killing), placing a higher value on discipline/loyalty and â€Å"defending one's country†. Conversely, a conscientious objector might prioritize the value that killing is wrong not only over military actions but even over self-defense. Many people in the business world might include the Golden Rule (which says â€Å"Do unto others as you would have others do unto you†) in their value system, but in practice they might place higher priority on the values li ke â€Å"Every man for himself† or â€Å"Let the buyer beware†. Conversely, another person might find that prioritization morally repugnant, and accuse the businessman of being unethical (or even of a form of theft) if he sells merchandise he knows to be shoddy, or deceives those he tries to do business with. ConsistencyA value system whose exceptions are abstract, generalized enough to be used in all situations, is said to be an internally consistent value system. On the other hand, a value system whose exceptions are highly situational, or whose exceptions are inconsistently applied, is said to be an internally inconsistent. A value system's consistency (or lack thereof) does not necessarily say anything about how ‘good' or ‘evil' it is. A value system that declares that lying and murder are acceptable, that essentially endorses a ‘might makes right' morality, could be internally consistent in its approach.Likewise, an internally inconsistent value system, loaded with inconsistently applied situational exceptions, might be considered perfectly acceptable if the ‘meta-value' of consistent application of values is not part of the value system. (The paradox here is that the absence of this value in a value system makes it consistent, because there is no constraint that says it must be consistent. It could be argued that those who explicitly omit this meta-value from their value system implicit endorse consistency as a value in that act of deliberate omission. On the other hand, those who hold this value ) Idealized vs.Realized These exceptions, especially when they are implicitly rather than explicitly defined, often yield a difference between an idealized value system and the realized value system. The idealized value system is the simple listing of values (in priority order) that a person or society would purport that they employ in determining right and wrong. The realized value system is the one they actually use in day -to-day life. While people claiming to employ a particular value system might say they place more value on x than y, more often than not there are deviations from this in practice.A consistent value system A religion may list a strong set of positive values, but its adherents and even those who are leaders of the religion may stray from those in practice. Idealized value systems often list strict rules (perhaps without any prioritizing order) but do not carefully define exceptions, abstract or situational. Realized value systems, in practice, often have a number of exceptions associated with them, but they may not be explicitly defined or consistently applied. Absolutists hold to their idealized value system and claim no exceptions other than the default.Defining Values Some fundamental values that most people seem to share, at least in theory, are: * â€Å"It's wrong to hurt, to harm, or especially to kill another person. † * â€Å"It's wrong to steal from another person. à ¢â‚¬  * â€Å"It's wrong to lie. † In practice, realized examples of these values would be a good deal more complicated, with exceptions already embedded within them. * â€Å"It's wrong to hurt another person, except in self-defense to keep them from hurting you, or if it is agreed upon with the other person as a step towards a mutually acceptable greater good (e. g. a doctor giving a patient a painful injection to cure an ailment). † * â€Å"It's wrong to take something from someone in a non-consensual fashion without negotiating overtly with the other person and agreeing to a mutually satisfactory transfer or exchange. † * â€Å"It's wrong to deceive another person knowingly for your own gain. † * â€Å"It's wrong to take deliberate overt action to prevent another person from exercising his will as long as that exercise does not interfere with your own exercise of will, except when the other person's will serves to violate the aforementioned principle s. In general, these values declare that â€Å"it's wrong to interfere in another person's life unless they do things to interfere in yours† This corresponds in essence to what has been called the Wiccan Rede which declares that â€Å"[As long as it] harms none, do what thou wilt†. While this may seem an elegant moral principle, in practice it runs into trouble because of the differing priorities people place on specific individual values, because of the way differing value systems define what is and isn't ‘harm', and perhaps most of all because of the different exceptions implicitly or explicitly defined in a value system.Examples of conflicting value systems This section is devoted to the process of using rational analysis to resolve conflicts between value systems. Individualism vs. collectivism In individualism, the needs and wants of the individual take precedence over the needs and wants of a society or community. The implicit exception inherent in individu alism is usually â€Å"as long as the actions of the individual do not harm other individuals. † Absolutists may claim that even this exception does not hold.In collectivism, the needs and wants of the society or community take precedence over the needs and wants of the individual. Rarely is the exception invoked that this is true â€Å"as long as the actions of the society do not restrict individuals . † It could be argued that a rational value system puts value on the needs and wants of the society or community structure, but does not give this more value than the needs and wants of the individuals within it.It is relatively easy to argue the case for this prioritization: under collectivism, a community could decide (however such decisions might be made) that it would work better if there were no people in it to interfere with the smooth running of society. While this might be true, since people tend to â€Å"complicate† the smooth running of any social order, it would create a society without any people, something which is clearly against the interest of the people in that society—would we rationally advocate our own extinction if it made the â€Å"system† of society run better?A rational resolution to the conflict between individualism and collectivism might structure these values in this manner: 1. The rights of individuals to act as they wish is unencumbered, unless their actions harm others or interfere with others' free exercise of their individual rights, and as long as their actions do not interfere with functions of society that other individuals depend upon, provided those functions do not themselves interfere with these proscribed individual rights and were agreed to by a majority of the individuals. . A society (or more specifically the system of order that enables the workings of a society) exists for the purpose of benefitting the lives of the individuals who are members of that society. The functions of a soc iety in providing such benefits would be those agreed to by the majority of individuals in the society. 1. A society may require contributions from its members in order for them to benefit from the services provided by the society.The failure of individuals to make such required contributions could be considered a reason to deny those benefits to them, although a society could elect to consider hardship situations in determining how much should be contributed. 1. A society may restrict behavior of individuals who are members of the society only for the purpose of performing its designated functions agreed to by the majority of individuals in the society, only insofar as they violate the aforementioned values.This means that a society may abrogate the rights of any of its members who fails to uphold the aforementioned values. Of necessity, as you can see here, the exceptions associated with values like these can become recursive and often convoluted. The name proposed for the discipl ine that tries to perform this task—mapping and formalizing value system prioritizations and resolving conflicts between disparate value systems through rational analysis—is ethonomics.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Marcus Ulpius Trajanus essays

Marcus Ulpius Trajanus essays Marcus Ulpius Trajanus was born on the 18th of September at Italica near Seville, around the year 52 A.D. Also referred to as Trajan, he was surprisingly the first emperor not to come from Italy. Coming from an old Umbrian family that lived in northern Italy, he was of a Spanish background. His father, who had the exact same name, had a successful political career as well, which most likely influenced Trajan to enter into politics too. Trajan served as a military tribune under his fathers governorship and he soon grew up to enjoy a thriving political career, just like his father. Trajan gained office of praetorship in 85 A.D. Shortly after winning the command of the seventh legion Gemina in northern Spain, Trajan and his men attempted to help defeat the rebellion against the current emperor, Domitian. Trajan respectfully gained the approval of the emperor for his attempts despite the fact that he arrived too late to be able to do anything. Later, Domitian was unfortunately murdered, and a man by the name of Nerva, was elected to become emperor. Nervas imperial authority was weak, so Nerva adopted Trajan as his colleague and future successor purely for political reasons in 97 A.D. Upon becoming a person of high authority, Trajan gathered all the leaders of an earlier mutiny, and he meanwhile called for the help of his legion by whom he was greatly respected. He tricked the leaders into coming for a reward, but instead, he and his legion immediately executed them when they arrived. By doing so he made a grave statement; no one was to oppose the Roman government. Nerva died on the 28th of January 98 A.D, making Trajan the new emperor. In 99 A.D, Trajan entered Rome on foot, greeting all the senators and even walking among the people, which no other emperor did. Trajan was one of the ablest emperors in Roman history. He had a numerous amount of good qu ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Artificial Intelligeny essays

Artificial Intelligeny essays Currently there is a lot of research going on in the field of Artificial Intelligence. The Artificial Intelligence research is not only to create robots, but to really understand what intelligence is, and at the same time understand the way our human brain thinks and works. Inevitably this research will lead to the creation of some very smart robots that will think and act much like humans do. When we say Artificial Intelligence we mean something that is able to make some sort of decisions provided some given data. And artificial intelligence does not necessarily have to be a robot or anything like it. A computer chess program is a perfectly legitimate example of Artificial Intelligence. Today most of the people not in the field of computers or electronics have a totally different idea of what Artificial Intelligence is. When people hear Artificial Intelligence they automatically think of robots such as the ones in movie the Terminator. People have this crazy idea of robots taking over the world which is not entirely true. If Artificial Intelligence really existed the way people think about Artificial Intelligence, then the world would be a totally different place. Assuming that there were intelligent robots or machines that were absolutely no different than humans, what would we do? Considering them as humans; giving them the same rights and privileges as we do to humans would be a hard thing to do. Discriminating and separating them from us would also be hard since they feel the same way, and love the same way. Again assuming that robots will love the same way humans do since theoretically speaking if carbon is capable of creating feelings so will silicon. First of all, why would humans discriminate against robots or Artificial Intelligence in general? There are several reasons why humans would. Robots will be immortal which would make their population grow faster, and over long periods of time they will be more r...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Applying theoretical ethics to applied ethics Essay

Applying theoretical ethics to applied ethics - Essay Example Passive euthanasia is assisting the patient to die with non provision of treatment or life sustaining procedures to save the patient’s life. The permissibility of each however is bombarded with many controversies making proponents of each view provide intelligent arguments and examples to indicate their point. Generally, the argument lies on the morality of active and passive euthanasia. Rachel claims that active and passive euthanasia has no moral difference and that both should be accepted with equal treatment. A different view holds that the morality of euthanasia depends on what the person cares about. This paper is going to argue that the stand of Rachel on active and passive euthanasia uses only hypothetical imperatives. Hypothetical is defined by Foot as â€Å"acts which are good only as a means to something else†. The paper has the following structures. Part 1 is going to explicate Rachel’s argument on active and passive euthanasia. Part 2 will present my arguments using the idea of Foot that the morality of active killing and passive omission is situated on what a person cares about. Part 1 Rachel claim there is no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia. The morality depends on how people view active killing and passive omission of duty. ... Most people look at active killing as more evil owing to the reason that the cause of death would be the action of the physician. On the contrary, if the medical team refrains from resuscitating a terminally ill patient in a situation where she/he is in cardiac arrest, it is acceptable because it is inculcated in the mind of many that it is the right thing to do. Passive method is not considered evil since the cause of death would be the illness itself although there is a deliberate withholding of foods and treatments. The ultimate result of withholding treatment is not directly seen and connected with death making passive euthanasia acceptable to most people. Another factor influencing the view of people on active killing and passive omission is how death is conceptualized by many. In most part of the globe, death is considered bad or evil since a love one is expected to die. The painful separation from that person and the unacceptable truth that death is inevitable makes death evil and people who cause it goes with that concept. If the doctors caused the death through injection, he is considered evil. Letting die on the other hand is viewed as natural death regardless of the intentional omission of a duty to care, feed, comfort, and most especially to treat the sick. Rachel is clear in maintaining his point that there is no difference in the morality between active and passive methods even in situations where the physician simply does not act. It was pointed out that omission of duty does not mean lesser evil more so that it does not justify the end. Omission of the act has the same ultimate goal with that of active killing. The difference is situated in how the act is done. For instance,

Saturday, November 2, 2019

What you think quality is and your perceptions of quality Essay

What you think quality is and your perceptions of quality - Essay Example Quality is a highly desirable concept that is normally and sometimes wrongly associated with money especially in matters of ostentation goods. People have been known to buy products, especially jewelry for exorbitant prices simply because they are stocked in high-end stores, others purchase the same in different shops for lower prices but the two stores may be selling identical products. The word is normally used in business and advertising by firms that wish to convince their customers that their products and services are the best. However, despite the term being relative, in many commodities the standards of quality set are quite inflexible and have to be enforced. This is because the quality of goods such as food, medicines and construction materials cannot be compromised and for any of these and other commodities whose misuse could lead to damage or loss of life and property. Therefore, quality cannot be left in the hands of money-minded producers of uniformed consumers. As a result, many countries have quality assurance bodies mandated with the task of licensing products and declaring them fit for consumption, or use before they can be allowed into the distribution chain. One of the main hindrances to achieving to achievement of quality standards is the increasing rate at which goods are pirated, and fake products are passed for the real products. This costs th e manufactures millions each year and risks customer’s lives by selling them substandard