Thursday, October 31, 2019

Environmental Science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Science - Research Paper Example This power is not limited to controlling the face of our own government through consistent, record-breaking, campaign contributions, but also the fate of millions of people and the planet itself through jobs, resource exploitation, pollution, working conditions, energy consumption, forest destruction, and so on. Make no mistake, these new power centers are not democracies. We don’t vote for the CEO’s or the policies (unless we are rich enough to be significant shareholders, who are informed enough to know what’s going on, and compassionate enough to care about more than just personal profit), yet our destinies are increasingly left in their hands. The Solution: As these power centers shift, we must shift our own voices if we wish to be heard. As citizens, on average, we might vote once every four years, if at all. As consumers, we vote every single day with the purest form of power †¦ money. The average family spends around $18,000 every year on goods and se rvices. Think of it as casting 18,000 votes every year for the kind of world you want to live in. Unfortunately, as difficult as it is to find good, solid information on candidates during an election year, it’s often even harder to find good, solid information on corporations.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Summarizing and Paraphrasing a Source Activity Essay Example for Free

Summarizing and Paraphrasing a Source Activity Essay Part 1: Summarizing Review the following passage and summarize it in the box as though you were including this information in a research paper. Use the reference to create an appropriate APA-formatted in-text citation. Aggressive driving is characterized by the tendency to view driving as a competition rather than as a means of getting from one place to another. Although most drivers are content to move along with the flow of traffic, aggressive drivers weave from lane to lane, seeking any advantage that will place them ahead of others. Aggressive drivers are also more likely to tailgate and honk the horn in an effort to intimidate other drivers or simply to move them along faster. When confronted with heavy traffic, aggressive drivers often engage in dangerous behavior such as passing on the right, using utility or turn lanes as driving lanes, and ignoring traffic signals. Paradoxically, aggressive drivers often pride themselves on their skill. They see other, more cautious drivers as the problem, not themselves. Reference Arlov, P. (2007). Wordsmith: A guide to college writing (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall. The driver is often prone to aggressive competition and prides themselves for being faster than other drivers. These drivers are aggressive and have a bad record traffic and some many have their license revoked by the bad practices they do. When these drivers are in vehicular congestion almost always use the right carrier to avoid congestion. Sometimes these drivers use bad words express his discomfort and projects to others. P. (2007). Wordsmith, A guide to college writing (3rd.ed.) Upper Saddle River, NY: The driver is often prone to aggressive competition and prides themselves for being faster than other drivers. These drivers are aggressive and have a bad record traffic and some many have their license revoked by the bad practices they do. When these drivers are in vehicular congestion almost always use the right carrier to avoid congestion. Sometimes these drivers use bad words express his discomfort and projects to others. P. (2007). Wordsmith, A guide to college writing (3rd.ed.) Upper Saddle River, NY: Summary Part 2: Paraphrasing and Quoting Review the following passage and paraphrase it in the following box. Use the reference to create an appropriate APA-formatted in-text citation. Additionally, include one direct quotation. One of the most valuable skills a student can develop is focus. Focus is the ability to concentrate on one thing for an extended period of time, shutting out everything else. The person who is focused has no trouble with homework; her mind is on the task until it is finished. The focused person has no trouble concentrating during a test. She does not even notice the voice of the lecturer in an adjacent classroom, the tapping pencil of the student two rows over, or her instructors squeaking chair. People differ widely in their ability to concentrate. Some seem capable of laser like focus on any job until it is completed. Others are easily distracted, jumping up from homework to do a hundred small, but suddenly urgent, tasks as the homework gets pushed further into the background. Like any other skill, the ability to focus can be learned and reinforced through practice. To improve your ability to concentrate, start by establishing a set time and place to study. If possible, study at the same time and in the same place every day. Establishing a routine gives study the importance it deserves and helps make studying a habit. Then, to keep yourself on task, set a small timer as you begin studying. Start by setting the timer to go off after 15 minutes. Until the timer goes off, give studying your full attention. If your mind wanders—and it will—pull it back to the task. Then reward yourself with something small: 5 minutes of solitaire on your computer or a trip to the refrigerator for a glass of iced tea. Time your reward, too—about 5 minutes should be sufficient. Then set the timer for another 15 minutes. As concentration becomes a habit, that habit will spill over into the classroom, too. You will be better able to focus on your instructors words or on the test you are taking. If extraneous noises during a test still distract you, invest in a pair of earplugs to shut out noise as you take your test. The ability to concentrate is a necessary skill. Fortunately, it is a skill that can be improved with effort. Reference Arlov, P. (2007). Wordsmith: A guide to college writing (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall. Paraphrase and Quotation The best skill for a student is the focus or concentration. The focus is the ability to focus more time on something, people who have this ability can complete their tasks without any problem. Some of these people are be able to concentrate their mind in such a way that avoids noise. Some are distracted others complete their tasks without any problem. This ability is learned and reinforced in practice. Some of this is to establish a study routine 5, 15.30 and 1 hour daily in the same place it helps you can concentrate more. Each time you finish studying eat ice cream, so you motivated more and more you can focus and concentrate the mind is like a muscle we must exercise it and feed it to make this healthy. The ability to focus is not for sale Is learned win so you can spend more time concentrating in class and your grades improve. P. (2007). Wordsmith: A guide to a college writing (3rd ed.) Upper saddle River, NY Prentice Hall The best skill for a student is the focus or concentration. The focus is the ability to focus more time on something, people who have this ability can complete their tasks without any problem. Some of these people are be able to concentrate their mind in such a way that avoids noise. Some are distracted others complete their tasks without any problem. This ability is learned and reinforced in practice. Some of this is to establish a study routine 5, 15.30 and 1 hour daily in the same place it helps you can concentrate more. Each time you finish studying eat ice cream, so you motivated more and more you can focus and concentrate the mind is like a muscle we must exercise it and feed it to make this healthy. The ability to focus is not for sale Is learned win so you can spend more time concentrating in class and your grades improve. P. (2007). Wordsmith: A guide to a college writing (3rd ed.) Upper saddle River, NY Prentice Hall

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Is International Adoption Justified In The Usa Social Work Essay

Is International Adoption Justified In The Usa Social Work Essay The reason I chose this subject was mainly because International adoption has played a major role in the news during the last few years. On the one hand, there are thousands of orphan children worldwide, mainly in poor countries. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for adoption in the U.S. and many people turn to international adoption because the supply of national children for adoption is lower than demand. In order to draw a conclusion I have made an extensively research. In particular, I made a thorough analysis for the current situation in the country, the types of adoption that exist and also some celebrities views and acts, since it is believed that celebrities have contributed to the popularity of international adoptions. Moreover, I have described the adoption system in the U.S.A., the main reasons people tend to adopt and why they turn to international adoption. Furthermore, I examined the consequences (positive and negative) of international adoption for the child, for the adoptive parents, for the birth parents and for the society in general. In the end I concluded that international adoption should be justified under certain circumstances. More specifically, I believe that it is better for a child to be adopted from a family in its own country. If this is not possible, someone should turn to international adoption, instead of leaving the child in an inadequate orphanage, where social care is non-existent. Of course, he/she should not overlook the negative impacts of international adoption and the implications it may have on the child, the original parents and the country of birth. Adoption is the act of establishing a person as parent to one who is not in fact or in law his child  [1]  . Adoption is so widely recognized that it can be characterized as an almost worldwide institution with historical roots traceable to antiquity.  [2]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nowadays, adoption can be either open or closed. Open adoption is a process in which the birthparents and the adoptive parents meet and exchange identifying information. The birthparents relinquish legal and basic childrearing rights to the adoptive parents. Both sets of parents retain the right to continuing contact and access to knowledge on behalf of the child  [3]  . On the contrary, closed adoption, the traditional closed system in adoption, seals all identifying information and bans any contact between children and their biological families.  [4]  However, during the last decades more and more countries have acknowledged the legal right of the adoptee to search for his/her original roots. There are also two types of adoption: national and international or intercountry adoption. National adoption is a type of adoption in which an individual or couple adopts a child born in the same country. On the contrary, international adoption, is a type of adoption in which an individual or couple adopts a child from a different country through permanent legal means, and brings that child to the home country permanently. Through international adoption, the  legal transfer of parental rights from birth parent(s) to another parent(s) takes place. United States citizens started adopting war orphan children from other countries mainly after World War II. Recently, the number of families that adopt children from countries other than their own has increased considerably  [5]  . In U.S., in particular, families have adopted on average approximately 20,000 children from foreign nations each year  [6]  . And, not long ago, factors such as poverty and social changes resulted in the adoption of children from Latin America, the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and China.  [7]   Nowadays, international adoption has become a common practice and in some countries accounts for the majority of cases. International adoption can be conducted through both public and private agencies in each country. However, each country has passed different laws as regards international adoptions. In order to  ensure that intercountry adoptions are in the best interests of children, The Hague Conference on Private International Law developed the Convention of May 1993 on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. This is known as the Hague Adoption Convention and it is an international treaty among over 75 nations around the world, including the United States  [8]  . Its aim is  to prevent the abduction, sale of, or traffic in children; it enables  intercountry adoption under certain circumstances and, recognises intercountry adoption as a means of offering the advantage of a permanent home to a child when a suitable family has not been found in the childs country of origin  [9]  . The aim of this study is to show whether international adoption in the United States is justified, examining the consequences on three levels: for the child, for the family, and for society in general. MAIN REASONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION International adoption is gaining ground in our day and time. Couples and individuals tend to look for children to adopt from developing countries, such as China, Thailand, India and may more. There are a plurality of reasons that urge American people to resort to this course of action and are related to the changes effected to the social structure of society at large, the status of women, the financial situation and the changes effected in the mentality of the population. The social structure of the society and especially demographics in the United States has changed significantly. According to recent statistics  [10]  , the percentage of households headed by single parents is at about 9%, up from 5% in 1970. Out of 12.9 million one-parent families in 2006, 10.4 million were single-mother families and 2.5 million were single-father families. Some other highlights are as follows: Average household size in 2006 was 2.57 people, down from 3.14 in 1970. Slightly more than one in four households (26%) consisted of a person living alone in 2006, up from 17% in 1970. In 2006, 33% of males and 26% of females 15 and older had never married, compared to a respective 28% and 22% in 1970. In addition, contemporary society in the US faces fertility problems. According to recent data  [11]  , the level of childlessness among women 40 to 44 years old in June 2006 (20%) is twice as high as 30 years ago (10%). Moreover, 45% of the women in the principal childbearing ages of 15 to 44 years were childless. Financial pressures and the changes in the traditional stereotypical perceptions about the role of women in the society, force American people to consider marriage at a later age in their lives (40-44), after having established their careers and secured a steady income. In particular, women at this age or older do not want to risk a pregnancy, which may put the mothers life at risk or bear children with physical and/or mental diseases. This was not the case in previous decades, in which American people were very conservative with regards to accepting young, unmarried mothers in the society. The norm called for a well-built family around the patriarchal symbol, with the woman playing the role of the child-raising parent. Back then, unmarried women who got pregnant had no option other than having an illegal abortion to avoid the consequences of ostracism from the rest of the societal members. For those women who wanted to keep the child they were bearing, adoption away from home was the only choice once the child was born. Changes in social norms nowadays have made it possible for unmarried women in the United States and abroad to give birth to their children without the fear of facing all sorts of different sanctions, be it moral or psychological. This significant turn on behalf of the American society to higher tolerance levels has made possible the acceptance of unmarried mothers. Even more so, in the case of young girls giving birth, their parents are willing to adopt the new-born and thus support both psychologically and practically their young daughter. Tolerance to abortion has also been heightened and although illegal in many states, abortion is a safe resort -with the advancements in medicine- for many women who want to terminate their pregnancy at an early stage. This limits the number of children available for adoption nationally in the U.S. Added to the above is the fact that women who have a career feel that the nine months of pregnancy could interfere with their job, therefore, adoption would be a better option for them. They may not even want to take that much time out of work to have a baby. This trend is further supported by the fact that in the last decades women have become more financially independent and educated; hence, they are more capable of making ends meet and stand on their feet to run their own households, without having to get married. Still, they want to have the privilege of raising a child and reap the benefits of parenthood. Because a married couple has much higher chances of being allowed to adopt a child, unmarried women resort to international adoption, to overcome their handicap against married couples. In other cases, people who know that they carry a serious genetic disease may not want to give birth to a child, to avoid the risk of passing the disease to their offspring. Still, some families choose to adopt believing that they will be saving a child, offering a loving and supportive family. This is mainly the reason why some people prefer international adoption to national adoption, believing they offer service to the developing world. They usually choose children from developing countries, where the standard of living is very low and they mainly prefer children with no families or relatives, who live in orphanage. International adoption has received widespread media coverage lately, due to the recent adoption of foreign children by several high-profile celebrities. Nowadays, there are many cases of famous people who choose to adopt. Generally, famous people have the same reasons for adopting children that people who are not famous have. Adopting children may be one way for them to feel like they are helping the world out  [12]  . Moreover, famous people often have both financial resources and influence, so, in contrast to an ordinary family, adoption process is much easier for them  [13]  . There are many examples of celebrities who have adopted several children from abroad  [14]  , such as Sharon Stone, Meg Ryan (from China), Mia Farrow (from Vietnam and Korea), Madonna/Guy Ritchie (from Malawi) and Angelina Jolie/Brad Pitt (from Cambodia, Ethiopia and Vietnam). However, in contrast to what has been discussed above, there are some negative aspects of adoption, mainly international adoption. A negative reason for adoption is when people choose to adopt in order to deduct an amount from their tax liability. In the US both those who adopt internationally and domestically can take advantage of the Adoption Tax Credit  [15]  . The Adoption Tax Credit is a valuable benefit for adopting families since they may take a tax credit for qualifying expenses paid to adopt an eligible child (including a child with special needs). Such expenses include reasonable and necessary adoption fees, court costs, attorney fees, travelling expenses (including amounts spent for meals and lodging while away from home), and other expenses directly related to and for which the principal purpose is the legal adoption of an eligible child  [16]  . Another negative issue is when adoption becomes so crucial to a celebrity only to get fame, power and admiration. In such cases, international adoption becomes a trend that may result in a negative impact that could last a childs lifetime. Also, a negative aspect of international adoption relates to a tendency of the rich and famous to bypass the law. Celebrities sometimes are bending the rules and pushing the boundaries to bring babies to their own countries. They do not always respect the laws of the third countries and do not follow the procedures as ordinary people usually do. Two cases of famous people that have been discussed a lot are the cases of Madonna and Angelina Jolie. Angelina Jolie acts as a very good example. She has adopted following the proper procedures, she has shown great sensitivity and interest in such issues and has been Goodwill Ambassador for the UN Refugee Agency. On the other hand, Madonna has not followed all the proper procedures according to the Malawian Law, and there have been legal disputes over whether her adoption was totally legal or not  [17]  . Her practice was condemned by many humanitarian organisations and agencies that deal with international adoptions (ISS Headquarters in Geneva expressed their disapproval for the way the procedure was carried out). In short, the discussion in this part of the essay has focused on the rationale behind international adoption. Evidently, there is a trend towards international adoption, which is attributed to the increasing demand for adoption in the U.S. It appears that many people turn to international adoption because the supply of national children for adoption is lower than demand  [18]  . Also, the rising number of single mothers in America as well as in the rest of the western world has turned international adoption into an attractive alternative to national adoption, with its legal complexities and the preference for married couples. INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION IN THE U.S. IS IT JUSTIFIED? Adoption, either national or international, came into effect so that children can live in a loving and healthy environment. In addition, through adoption, individuals as well as childless couples who wish to raise a child can enjoy parenthood. Adoption involves three parties, the child (adoptee), the family (adoptive parents) and the home country of the child (birth parents). It is evident that adoption alters traditional family structure and functioning. In other words, positive and negative aspects of international adoption emerge for each one of these parties. Positive aspects For the adoptee As I stated previously, United States citizens started adopting orphan children from other countries in substantial numbers after World War II. Moreover, over the last twenty years, many children have been adopted from poor countries all over the world. So there are numerous positive aspects for the orphan and poor children worldwide. Research shows that children do best when raised in a supportive, caring family  [19]  . The most important is that international adoption provides a permanent family for the orphan children worldwide. Also, nowadays, many high society individuals are adopting children from underdeveloped nations. This, besides a good home to live, provides the children with a secure future. Living with a rich family, children can have not only a decent living, but also good educational opportunities that they would never have had in their birth country. In addition, most children who need new homes are older than five, sick, disabled, or somehow traumatised. So they have more opportunities for a better life if adopted by a prosperous and caring family. Statistical data derived from parents, teachers and children themselves show that the vast majority of the adopted children demonstrate satisfactory adjustment  [20]  . More specifically, adopted children felt strongly attached to their adoptive families. This can be explained, in part, by the fact that the American society is highly multi-cultural, reducing thus the time for adjustment of a new member originating from a foreign country. Evidently, adjustment is even easier for an adopted international child at the age of five, which is quite malleable and open to stimuli from a different culture. For the adoptive parents Most adults, when they get married plan to have children. Few of these individuals expect ahead of time that there will be difficulties in conceiving a child. Yet, approximately, one in six couples in the U.S. will experience a fertility problem  [21]  . When this happens, most couples seek a medical solution. Nearly 50% of them will be eventually able to have a child biologically  [22]  . The remaining couples must decide whether to remain childless or to seek parenthood through adoption. There are thousands of children without a family all over the world and people who wish to adopt have a better chance of obtaining a child internationally. Thus they are able to give a permanent home and a nurturing environment for an orphan child. This is definitely a positive scenario and, according to statistical data derived from interviews, adoptive parents expressed considerable satisfaction in their roles  [23]  . For the birth parents The biological parents are forced to give away their children, usually because they are very poor, and they cannot provide a stable home and the necessary basics for living. Giving their child for adoption makes them happy that their child gets a family, and a secure future in a loving and healthy environment. Even though the process of separation from their children is painful, they realise that this is a far better solution than not being able to provide their children with a safe, healthy and promising future. On occasions when the mother is very young and has little or no experience to raise a child, adoption is also a better option than entrusting the fate of a newborn to an inexperienced mother, who may be living in the slums of an impoverished nation. For the society of the birth parents International adoption brings significant financial resources into poor countries, putting them in a better economic condition. Still, societies are deprived of their younger members in cases where the adoptee goes to another country. Celebrities like Madonna and Angelina Jolie have provided significant financial resources to poor countries. In addition, celebrity adoptions, through the publicity that they have, play a major role in increasing peoples awareness as regards poverty all over the world. Negative aspects For the adoptee International adoption often, but not always, involves trans-racial placement. Opponents of trans-racial adoption suggest that placement of children outside their own racial group will undermine the development of positive racial identity, ultimately leading to cultural genocide  [24]  . The childs removal from its birth country would mean the loss of the childs original language and culture. According to research, adopted children may experience the loss of birth parents and extended birth family; loss of status; loss of ethnic, racial, and genealogical connections, loss of feelings of stability in the adoptive family, and loss of identity  [25]  . For some children, adoption is associated with feelings of confusion, sadness, anger, embarrassment, and shame. When children begin to understand the meaning and implications of adoption, around five to seven years of age, emergence of sensitivity to adoption related stigma and loss occurs. Some children appraise being adopted in negative ways and have great adjustment problems. In reality, the younger the children the more sensitive they are to adoption issues. For the adoptive parents Among the many tasks experienced by parents are those associated with coping with infertility and the transition to adoptive parenthood, discussing adoption with their child, creating a family environment that supports the childs exploration of adoption issues, helping their child cope with loss, supporting a positive self-image and identity in their child in relation to adoption and, in some cases, as the adoptee moves into adolescence and adulthood, supporting their childs plans to search for birth family. Although not necessarily a negative implication of adoption, it is a great challenge for the adoptive parents, especially when they have adopted a child from abroad. For this child, the pursuit of answers to questions about his/her origins, cultural differences, ethnic background and the like is a long journey that many a times has an unclear destination. The decision to adopt a child is not an easy choice. Profound stress, typically associated with infertility, often results in both short-term and long-term psychological problems, including heightened feelings of anxiety, guilt, shame, anger, and depression; diminished self-esteem and marital difficulties  [26]  . For the birth parents The child is genetically connected with the birthparents and this connection is lost with adoption. As a result, birthparents suffer from a loss of their role as parents, which makes them feel irresponsible and incapable of bringing up their child. Sometimes birthparents are under great pressure and are enforced to give their child to adoption against their will. Sometimes they worry about the future of their child, and they wonder if they will ever see it again. They may feel anger with themselves, with the society, even with the adoptive parents. And the most important issue is that they will have to deal with this for the rest of their lives. From what has been covered in the preceding paragraphs it is concluded that adoption can change significantly the life of all parties involved. Adoption is therefore justified and should be made with the best interests of the child. Likewise, international adoption should be an option only when and if there is no viable alternative in the childs country of origin  [27]  . It should be also mentioned that Unicef believes that international adoption should be considered as a last resort, for children who cannot find a permanent home in their country  [28]  . CONCLUSION Through my study I can understand that international adoption constitutes a great part of the total adoption and has caused public reaction, both positive and negative. I agree with adoption critics, which focus on the issue of exploitation since adoption often involves the transfer of children from less to more privileged people, or from black to white families  [29]  . However, I would like to make it clear that international adoption does not always cause injustice. It should be taken under consideration that there are many orphan children in poor countries or families that are not in a good situation to raise a child. In the case of international adoption, I believe that all alternative solutions for orphan children in poor countries should be considered. These children have no home and family and they are suffering neglected in various institutions. Keeping orphan children in inadequate institutions rather than giving them good permanent homes, does not mean that they will be happier. If a family in their country could offer them home, love and affection, I am convinced this solution would be preferred. If not, international adoption clearly represents an extraordinarily positive option for them. Otherwise, homeless children around the world will probably live or die in inadequate institutions or on the streets. In my opinion the U.S. is a suitable new home for internationally adopted children since a large part of the population who want to adopt a child are well-off and can offer a good and caring family. Since the number of national children for adoption is less than the demand for adoptions, international adoption is the next best alternative  [30]  . To this end, international adoption in the U.S. is justified. Yet, we should not overlook the negative impact of international adoption discussed in the previous section and the implications it may have on the child, the original parents and the country of birth. Ideally, it would be better to provide a home in the country of birth but this is not always possible if the child was born in a very poor country, where social care and infrastructure to support local adoption are non-existent. Banning international adoption will not solve the problems of homelessness in poor countries. Being anti-foreign without a reason is not reasonable. As far as international adoption works well under the existing adoption laws and serves childrens interests, it should be justified and facilitated. The destructive earthquake in Haiti left almost 300,000 people dead and thousands of children without a family. I am of the opinion that for many of these children, international adoption could be a justifiable solution and a unique opportunity for the U.S. to prove that its citizens can make good use of it for the sake of the children and their future.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Haiku master Essay -- essays papers

Haiku master Matsuo Basho radically redefined the three-line, 17-syllable haiku poetic form from an entertaining pastime in 16th-century Japan to a major literary genre in the 17th century. An early Basho haiku provides an example of his meticulous and sensitive approach in selecting and arranging words and images to produce highly evocative allusions: On a leafless bough In the gathering autumn dusk: A solitary crow! Haiku emanates from the 31 syllable, five-line "tanka" (short poem) which was originally arranged in two parts, an opening triplet (hokku) and a couplet. The Haiku form was popularized during the Heian period (794-1185). At that time, it was customary for the educated elite of Japan to engage in writing, singing, and reciting poetry as forms of cultural entertainment. In addition, social customs of the day demanded that the aristocracy of the refined court society display both a sensitivity to nature in their poetic expression and an ability to discuss the poetic classics of Japanese and Chinese literature. Tanka, then, could express a wealth ...

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Module Title Introduction to Nursing Essay

With reference to credible and relevant evidence, discuss your accountability as a student nurse. Learning outcome 3 will be demonstrated by your use of credible and relevant evidence. My accountability as a student nurse is to be accountable to the patients, families and the general public to which I am caring for. Student nurses must adhere to the guidelines set out by the nursing and midwifery council (NMC) which states â€Å"As a professional, you are personally accountable for your actions and omissions in your practice and must always be able to justify your decisions†. Accountability is integral to professional practice. (NMC) Nurses make judgements in a wide variety of circumstances, and use their professional knowledge, and skills to make a decision based on evidence for best practice and the person’s best interests. Nurses need to be able to justify the decisions they make. Student nurses also have a duty of care which means they have a legal liability with regard to the patient. They must ensure that they perform competently. They must also inform another when they are unable to perform competently (RCN). This means that the task is necessa ry and delegation is in the patient’s best interest, the student nurse must fully understand the task and how it is to be carried out, they must also have the skills and abilities to perform the task competently and also must accept the responsibility to perform the task  competently. The oxford dictionary 2008 defines accountability as â€Å"The obligation of being answerable for one’s own judgements and actions to an appropriate person or authority recognized as having the right to demand information and explanation according to the terms of the NMC code of conduct. A registered practitioner is accountable for his/her own actions as a professional at all times, on or off duty , whether engaged in current practice or not. As a student you are not yet ‘accountable’ as you are not a qualified nurse although a qualified nurse is accountable under the NMC code of conduct, however a student nurse is still responsible for their own actions and behaviour and must act in a professional manner and uphold the profession of nursing, by behaving in a responsible manner and being thoughtful and respectful. A qualified nurse must act to the highest of standards, although as a student you are also still expected to act to the highest standard , as a student nurse you will be provided with support from senior staff and from your mentor because you are still learning and mistakes can happen that’s why support will be provided to allow you to be more confident and learn, as students learn new things everyday as do nurses because the nursing profession is a life-long learning experience. (Bethann Siviter 2013) Nurses and midwives hold a position of responsibility, as patients rely on them. They are professionally accountable to the NMC, as well as having a contractual accountability to their employer and are accountable in the law for their actions. Nurses must act in the best interest of the patients in their care at all times. As a student nurse you are also accountable to the NHS and must report any inappropriate care that is being delivered to a patient if you think that it is not acceptable or appropriate to that particular patient, as the NMC 2008 states that You must inform someone in authority if you experience problems that prevent you working within this Code or other nationally agreed standard. Part 2 Learning outcome 2 With reference to credible and relevant evidence, discuss the principles and importance of good record keeping. Learning outcome 3 will be demonstrated by your use of credible and relevant evidence. The importance of good record keeping is to ensure that you back up everything you do in practice within your nursing profession, as records are legal documents for patients, if anything had to go wrong and was taken to a court of law if the treatment or care that was carried out had not been recorded the court of law would see it, that if it was not recorded it did not happen. The NMC 2008 states that You must ensure any entries you make in someone’s paper records are clearly and legibly signed, dated and timed so that you can provide any evidence that may be needed for a patient to show what treatment you have carried out towards that patient. It is a legal requirement for nurses to fill out records as soon as they possibly can after the treatment or care has been carried out on a patient, as the NMC states that You must complete records as soon as possible after an event has occurred. Good record keeping and documentation can be a vital means of recollection for nurses face d with litigation. Having detailed and substantial evidence is likely to be influential in such circumstances. Record keeping is an essential part of good nursing practice. and is considered to be a basic nursing tool when caring for patients. It is important that nurses and also student nurses carry out good practice and adhere to the guidelines regarding record keeping, ensuring it is up to date and an accurate account of treatment, care planning and delivery which is appropriate to each patient. The Code of Professional Conduct (NMC,2002) states that good note-taking is a vital tool of communication between nurses. Wherever practicable should be written with the involvement of the patient and completed as soon as possible after an event has occurred. Having clear accurate records to refer back to enables the nurse having evidence to relate to, this allows the nurse to have an accurate account of what happened. According to The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) good record keeping is an integral part of practice and is essential to be able to provide safe and effective care to patients. They highlighted that good record keeping is highly important to improve communication between healthcare professionals. It helps to support the delivery and continuity of patient care, It helps to demonstrate clinical judgements and decision making and identifying any possible risk for patients. Good record keeping is also very important when giving over a handover to nurses without having  records, the handover would be incomplete and the next team of nurses would not know what had been going on with the patients, which could possibly affect the wellbeing of patients. Records that are not accurate or incomplete can highlight that poor care has been provided towards a patient. Neat and up to date accurate records indicate a caring and responsible nurse , good record keeping also allows for good communication between colleagues. Part 3 Learning outcome 4 The care of people with dementia is a significant contemporary issue. A key standard of care for people with dementia in Scotland is that people â€Å"are able to be as independent as possible.† (Scottish Government, 2011, p. 10). With reference to credible and relevant evidence, discuss ways in which the student nurse can support this standard. Learning outcome 3 will be demonstrated by your use of credible and relevant evidence. It is the responsibility of a student nurse to be aware of dementia and know about the illness and how it affects people in different ways. A student nurse can support this standard â€Å"people are able to be as independent as possible† by treating patients with dementia as individuals and allowing them choices as this helps to promote dignity to a person and seeing them as a â€Å"person† and not looking at their illness. Student nurses should allow patients choices when carrying out personal hygiene and allowing them to choose their meals as this allows a patient to be able to remain independent and allows them to feel that they are being treated with dignity and respect , sometimes it might be difficult to allow a patient with dementia to remain fully independent as depending on the progression of their dementia will mean what kind of support they will require, however it is important for a student nurse to promote independence at all times whenever possible to allo w the patient to be able to achieve their potential. It is important for a student nurse to provide individualised care to patients with dementia as no two patients will ever be the same and will have different needs. Communication is a fundamental and key skill when caring for dementia patients and is important to try to engage and interact with dementia  patients so that they can be fully understood. Memory aids are a very good way to facilitate communication towards a client with dementia such as memory books can which can help them to remember about their past and families, snap cards and picture books are also a very good way to communicate with patients when allowing them to make choices as this helps to facilitate their communication if they have problems with their speech. The Alzheimer’s society (2013) states that by remaining involved and active, a person with dementia can maintain their skills and independence for longer. Activities can also help people to express how they are feeling and relieve the symptoms of anxiety and depression and can increase social interaction and reduce isolation, as a person with dementia can often feel isolated and alone so it is important for them to get some cognitive stimulation to allow them to feel happy within their environment. A student nurse can support patients with dementia by arranging various activities that are appropriate to clients with dementia as this would help them to remain independent and be able to realise potential in clients with dementia. The Scottish government (2010) has set standards of care so that people can remain as independent as possible to be able to live as normal a life as they possibly can without their illness affecting them in a way that they that they are not able to, as they have the same rights as everyone else and should be treated as an individual. It is very important for a student to support a person with dementia and keep to their daily routine to prevent the patient becoming stressed or anxious as most patients with dementia have a routine as this can help them to remember their daily tasks which helps them to be as independent as possible. References Bethann Siviter The Student Nurse Handbook 3RD Edition P.193 Accountability (Accessed 10.11.13) Elizabeth A. Martin The Oxford Dictionary of Nursing Fifth Edition 2008 P.3 (Accountability) Market House Books Ltd (Accessed 12.11.13) NMC Code of Conduct 2008 (Accountability) http://www.nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/Regulation-in-practice/ (Accessed 10.11.13) NMC Code of Conduct 2008 (good record keeping) http://www.nmc-uk.org/Publications/Standards/The-code/Provide-a-high-standard-of-practice-and-care-at-all-times-/ (Accessed 12.11.13) Royal College of Nursing 2011 (The principles of accountability and delegation) http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/381720/003942.pdf (Accessed 13.11.13) Duffin C .(2013) raising awareness to support people with dementia in hospital nursing older people vol. 25(5) p 14-16 (Accessed 15.11.13) The Scottish Government (2011) standards for care for dementia in Scotland Edinburgh Scottish government (Accessed 12.11.13) Nursing and midwifery council (NMC) 2008 The code: standards of conduct. Performance and ethics for nurses and midwifes London: nursing and midwifery council (Accessed 10.11.13) NHS Code of Accountability first published 1994 third revision 2013 http://www.ntda.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/CODE-OF-CONDUCT-AND-ACCOUNTABILITY-FOR-NHS-BOARDS.pdf (Accessed 15.11.13) Nursing Times.net published April 2003 VOL: 99, ISSUE: 02, PAGE NO: 26 â€Å"The importance of good record keeping for nurses† (Accessed 14.11.13) Nursing times.net published 13 December, 2007 Record keeping http://www.nursingtimes.net/whats-new-in-nursing/record-keeping/360932.article (Accessed 14.11.13)

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Chinese vs. Americans essays

Chinese vs. Americans essays Question #1. Some of the attributes of the Chinese workers that were that they did there work right on time. The Chinese could withstand the America alcohol and would not show up to work with hang-overs. They brought there sleeping materials and food to eat. - The employers were concerned with the cultural and personal habits because they didnt want to offend, or influence them with their religious beliefs and their own personal habits. - The Chinese differed from the whites and Europeans, because they had better work ethic (punctuality, and did what were told). They had a better quality of work, and were able to get it done faster. Question #2. The attitudes of the Big Four towards their employees, changed for their first impression of dislike towards them, and then liking them, due to their respect ability to get the work done and their good manners. - I believe that most of the Caucasian employees didnt trust the Chinese workers, but had to hire them due to the fact that no one else would do the labor that the Chinese would. The employers realized that the conduct of their Chinese workers was higher than that of their white employees. This helped influence the change in their. - Some of the long term results of this change was that the Chinese were offered more jobs than previously, and were treated with more respect. Question #3. Living in the life of Americans didnt change the Chinese workers that much in my opinion, because they still valued their own religious beliefs and personal beliefs also. The presence of the Chinese working along side of the Americans, helped because they the Americans) started to respect the Chinese more, and understand their culture. ...